Virus Particles in Spleens and Intestines of Turkeys with Hemorrhagic Enteritis

Carlson, H. C.; Al-Sheikhly, F; Pettit, J. R.; Seawright, G.L.

doi:10.2307/1589243

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…There are large areas of focal necrosis in the germinal centres of the spleen, and varying degrees of splenomegaly (Carlson et al, 1974). Intranuclear inclusion bodies are found in cells in the intestine, spleen, liver and bone marrow, and to a lesser extent in cells in many other organs including the bursa of Fabricius.…”

Section: Haemorrhagic Enteritis Of Turkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts to grow the agent in embryonated eggs and cell cultures have been unsuccessful (Domermuth, 1974), but ultrastructural examination of spleen and intestinal cells revealed intra-nuclear virus-like particles 70-75 nm in diameter with a morphology similar to adenoviruses (Carlson et al, 1974;Itakura and Carlson, 1975a). Workers in Virginia (Tolin and Domermuth, 1975) described 75-80 nm particles in the spleen, most of which were similar to adenoviruses.…”

Section: Haemorrhagic Enteritis Of Turkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian adenoviruses ‐ a review

1977

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Section: Haemorrhagic Enteritis Of Turkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Haemorrhagic Enteritis Of Turkeysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian adenoviruses ‐ a review

1977

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“…Coronavirus-like particles were observed in intestines of turkeys (Panigraphy et al, 1973) and embryos (Ritchie et al, 1973) inoculated with intestinal preparations from flocks affected with blue comb. Later, intranuclear viral particles were observed in the spleen and intestines of turkeys with HE (Carlson et al, 1974;Tolin & Domermuth, 1975), and these studies were the first to demonstrate that an adenovirus was the causal agent.…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 96%

Enteric viruses in turkey flocks: a historic review

Alavarez

Ferreira

2014

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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In this review, diagnostic techniques and viral agents involved in enteric diseases affecting turkeys are described. Data from field observations and laboratory researches have been reported in turkey flocks for over 70 years, and several viruses have been identified. After a period of 30 years of inoculation experiments and neutralization studies, adequate visualization of the viruses was achieved using electronic microscopy. During the following years, several studies were then conducted to isolate and classify those viruses using cell-culture, embryo-propagation, serological tests, genome electropherotyping by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of double-stranded RNA viruses, and recently, nucleic acid studies. Thus, since the 1990s, the nucleicacid technology has focused on genomic surveys and on the detection of specific segments of the genome of each virus using the polymerasechain reaction, resulting in several prevalence studies and phylogenetic analyses of different isolates and proper classification of the viruses.

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“…As a result, the reticuloendothelial cells are damaged, especially in the spleen, which is enlarged and marble-like due to hyperplasia of the white pulp. Morphological changes were also observed in bursa of Fabricius, liver, caecal tonsils and kidneys (Gross 1967;Carlson et al 1974;Trampel 1992). According to Nagaraja et al (1982), immunosuppression caused by the HE virus is temporary.…”

Section: Hev Vaccination Ndv Vaccination Anti-srbc Antibody Titre mentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral and Cellular Response of Pheasants Vaccinated against Newcastle Disease and Haemorrhagic Enteritis

Graczyk¹,

Wieliczko

Pliszczak-Król³

et al. 2006

Acta Vet. Brno

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The purpose of the experiment was to define whether and to what extent can prophylactic vaccinations against Newcastle disease (ND) and haemorrhagic enteritis (HE) affect the humoral and cellular response in pheasants. The evaluation of humoral response was performed on a basis of agglutinin titre after administered antigen and the cellular immunity index was the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. The pheasants were prophylactically vaccinated against Newcastle Disease (ND) on the 1 st , 28 th and 56 th day of life. Moreover, on the 49 th day of life, part of the birds was given in the drinking water a vaccine containing the HEV (Haemorrhagic Enteritis Virus). Fourteen days after the HEV vaccination, the birds were intravenously given 0.5 ml of the 10% SRBC (sheep red blood cells) suspension. Simultaneously with the SRBC administration the delayed hypersensitivity test was performed by intradermal administration of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). It was shown that in pheasants vaccinated with NDV and additionally with HEV, the specific agglutinin anti-SRBC titre was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in birds vaccinated against ND only. It also appeared that, the antibodies resistant to 2-mercaptoethanol were 43% of the total pool of specific anti-SRBC antibodies in the NDV vaccinated birds, whereas in birds vaccinated also with HEV they were 75%. No significant differences were found in the DTH test. Only in the HEV vaccinated pheasants the tendency to increase the wing index value was noted. The results confirm the observations concerning immunosuppressive effects of simultaneous vaccinations. They also indicate that overloading the pheasants with many antigens (ND and HEV vaccination) may weaken the humoral response to administered SRBC. HEV vaccination, NDV vaccination, anti-SRBC antibody titre, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), pheasantsThe main role of the immune system is to distinguish between what is its own and what is foreign and to eliminate any threat that may impair homeostasis. The threat is recognized much faster when the factor causing it is known. This knowledge has been used in prevention of animal infectious diseases for years, hence, the use of vaccines containing attenuated pathogenic antigens (Ahmad and Sharma 1993;Pierson and Fitzgerald 2003). The rate and quality of the response depend on animal species and individual cases. In birds, this is influenced by numerous factors, mainly genetic, resulting from natural selection or breeding conditions provided (Kunze et al. 1996;Boa-Amponsem et al. 1999; Talebi et al. 2005). Practically, the key role is attributed to environmental conditions, understood in a very broad sense. As has been shown, the transfer of wild animals into any housing system brings about the threat of increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral diseases. According to many researchers, the increased susceptibility of birds to infectious diseases is an effect of various immunosuppressors (Dohms and Metz

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Virus Particles in Spleens and Intestines of Turkeys with Hemorrhagic Enteritis

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

Avian adenoviruses ‐ a review

Avian adenoviruses ‐ a review

Enteric viruses in turkey flocks: a historic review

Humoral and Cellular Response of Pheasants Vaccinated against Newcastle Disease and Haemorrhagic Enteritis

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