Virus Associated Periodontal Diseases: Futuristic Implications

Abstract

Periodontal diseases have alarmed the current scenario globally. Still very less evidences has been clued in this area. Previously it was thought that virus is not involved with severe cases of periodontitis. In 20th century, virus association of periodontal cases has shown for the first time. After that several studies covered the strong evidences about direct virus isolation from deep focal sites. The articles published recently in journals of repute has shown a very strong evidences in the involvement of human herpes virus, Epstein Barr virus, Human cytomegalovirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus in both chronic as well aggressive periodontitis. Our main aim of this review is to have compiled information in this article for what have been done in the area and remaining futuristic approach; as a current concern. This will not only help in early diagnostic and virus characterization as well identification of biomarkers for disease. The compiled information and critical aspects in the area will also help to develop suitable diagnostics and therapeutics.These uncertainties have given targeted efforts to find viral etiologic factors for periodontitis.

Association of Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and lipocalin with periodontitis in type 2 diabetic subjects

“…At the same time, the expression of protein markers: Lipocalin and Adiponectin in association with the periodontal viruses in concomitant cases have not been evaluated so far. Despite the fact, that these proteins were reported to be influenced by viruses, evaluating the role of the specific periodontal viruses on the alteration of these proteins and their underlying pathogenic mechanisms would provide a precise link between the aetiology, risk and the clinical presentation of the disease (Parashar et al, 2015). Thus, the current study aims to compare the demographic variables, periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), expression and quantification of proteins: Lipocalin and Adiponectin and prevalence of periodontal viruses such as EBV, CMV and HSV in subgingival tissue samples of the generalized periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus.…”

Tatalaksana infeksi herpes simpleks virus tipe-1 dan necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis pada anak dengan anemia aplastik<p></p>Management of type-1 herpes simplex virus infection and necrotising ulcerative stomatitis in children with aplastic anaemia<p>

“…2 Patogenesis dari NUS sendiri belum diketahui secara pasti namun berhubungan dengan bakteri Fusiform dan Spirochete. 1,2,7 Bakteri Fusiform (Fusobacterium necrophorum), Spirochetes (Borrelia species), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, dan Prevotella intermedia ditemukan pada plak dan jaringan pasien dengan penyakit periodontal. 2,4,7 Bakteri ini bersifat komensal rongga mulut namun, pada kondisi imunosupresif dapat menjadi patogen, karena memiliki kemampuan untuk merusak epitel dan jaringan ikat dengan melepaskan endotoksin.…”

“…1,2,7 Bakteri Fusiform (Fusobacterium necrophorum), Spirochetes (Borrelia species), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, dan Prevotella intermedia ditemukan pada plak dan jaringan pasien dengan penyakit periodontal. 2,4,7 Bakteri ini bersifat komensal rongga mulut namun, pada kondisi imunosupresif dapat menjadi patogen, karena memiliki kemampuan untuk merusak epitel dan jaringan ikat dengan melepaskan endotoksin. 2 Penelitian pada abad ke-21, mengindikasikan adanya strain virus yang berkontribusi pada penyakit periodontal dan menjadi wawasan baru tentang etiologi penyebab penyakit periodontal.…”

“…2 Penelitian pada abad ke-21, mengindikasikan adanya strain virus yang berkontribusi pada penyakit periodontal dan menjadi wawasan baru tentang etiologi penyebab penyakit periodontal. 7 Virus herpes diketahui berkontribusi pada perkembangan lesi oral nekrosis. Penelitian Rodrigues Patricia, et al ditemukan bahwa lesi agresif periodontitis dapat terjadi akibat virus herpes diantaranya 89% oleh Epstein-barr virus (EBV), 78% untuk cytomegalovirus (CMV), 87% untuk herpes simplex virus tipe 1 (HSV-1) dan 64% untuk human herpes virus tipe 7 (HHV-7).…”

“…Membran basal yang terbuka dan permukaan sel yang beregenerasi akibat hilangnya sel epitel yang rusak akibat virus diketahui menyediakan tempat baru untuk pengikatan bakteri. 7,13 Penatalaksanaan yang lakukan pada pasien ialah melakukan debridement dengan menggunakan H 2 O 2 1,5%, atau setengah dosis dari H 2 O 2 3% agar mengurangi resiko iritasi akibat proses oksidasi H 2 O 2 ke jaringan. Setelah penggunaan H 2 O 2 1,5%, selanjutnya dibilas menggunakan NaCl 0,9%.…”