Virus and Antibody Diagnostics for Swine Samples of the Dominican Republic Collected in Regions Near the Border to Haiti

Abstract

The Dominican Republic (DR) and Haiti share the island of Hispaniola, and reportable transboundary animal diseases have been introduced between the two countries historically. Outbreaks of severe teschovirus encephalomyelitis in pigs began occurring in Haiti in February 2009, and a field and laboratort study in April 2010 indicated that the teschovirus disease is prevalent in many regions in Haiti including areas near the border with DR and that other viral disease agents, including CSF virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and swine influenza virus (SIV), are present in the swine population in these regions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the introduction of teschovirus encephalomyelitis from Haiti to DR and to identify the other viral disease agents present in the swine population in regions of DR near the border with Haiti. Six of 7 brains and 6 of 7 spinal cords collected from pigs with central nervous system (CNS) signs were positive in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for PTV. Genome sequencing on the Dominican PTV and phylogenetic analysis on the polyprotein of PTV strains indicate that the sequence of the Dominican PTV is 99.1% identical to the Haitian isolate and closely related to other PTV-1 strains in the world. Among 109 serum samples tested, 65 (59.6%) were positive for antibodies to PCV-2, and 51 (46.8%) were positive for antibodies to CSFV. Fifty-four of the 109 serum samples were tested for antibodies to other agents. Among the 54 samples, 20 (37.0%) were seropositive to PTV-1, 17 (31.5%) tested seropositive to SIV H3N2, 12 (22.2%) were seropositive to SIV H1N1, and 1 (1.9%) was seropositive to PRRSV.

Development of Polioencephalomyelitis in Cesarean-Derived Colostrum-Deprived Pigs Following Experimental Inoculation with Either Teschovirus A Serotype 2 or Serotype 11

“…To date, outbreaks of mild disease have been described in the United States [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], although the most severe form of TE caused by highly virulent strains of PTV-1 has not been reported. However, outbreaks of TE due to PTV-1 have been recently reported in Haiti, Dominican Republic, and Canada [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Longitudinal survey of Teschovirus A, Sapelovirus A, and Enterovirus G fecal excretion in suckling and weaned pigs

“…Porcine enteric picornaviruses have been reported in domestic pigs and wild boars in Asia [3][4][5][6], Europe [7][8][9][10], North America [11,12], Central America [13,14], and South America [15,16]. Pigs of all ages are susceptible to infection with TV-A, SV-A, and EV-G, which are viruses that circulate worldwide in asymptomatic domestic pigs [10].…”

Molecular survey of porcine teschovirus, porcine sapelovirus, and enterovirus G in captive wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) of Paraná state, Brazil

“…However, depending on the virus serotype and infection conditions, these picornaviruses may be considered important etiological agents of enteric, respiratory, reproductive, or neurological disorders (Bangari et al 2010, Ventura et al 2013. Clinical manifestations may include diarrhea, pneumonia, febrile illness, vesicular diseases, reproductive failure (SMEDI syndrome), myocarditis, and polioencephalomyelitis (Krumbholz et al 2003).…”

“…Studies performed in different geographical regions throughout the world revealed that PTV, PSV, and EV-G are ubiquitous and have been reported in Asia (Kaku et al 2007, Lan et al 2011, Lin et al 2012, Moon et al 2012, Zhang et al 2012, Europe (Zell et al 2000, La Rosa et al 2006, Buitrago et al 2010, Sozzi et al 2010, Boros et al 2011, Prodělalová 2012, and the Americas (Bangari et al 2010, Salles et al 2011, Shan et al 2011, Deng et al 2012, Ventura et al 2013, Donin et al 2014.…”