Virulence, Resistance Genes, and Transformation Amongst Environmental Isolates of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp.

Doughari, James Hamuel; Ndakidemi, Patrick A.; Human, Izanne Susan; Benade, Spinney

doi:10.4014/jmb.1107.07029

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[ 8 ] Unlike our study, the genes iutA and fyuA from iron uptake system of E. coli and Yersinia sp., respectively, were not present in the Braun studied isolates. Considering the frequency of iutA gene in this study,[ 17 ] it seems that iutA siderophore unlike fyuA in Acinetobacters isolated from sputum/tracheal secretion, is more important VF compared to urinary isolates. Another gene that was positive in this study is cvaC , which was observed in 34% of cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Evaluate the frequency distribution of nonadhesive virulence factors in carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical samples in Kermanshah

Mohajeri

Sharbati

Rezaei³

2016

J Nat Sc Biol Med

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Background:Acinetobacter baumannii which is a Gram-negative bacterium can cause several different infections. The appearance of carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii in recent years has made the treatment process more difficult. The identification of virulence factors (VFs), such as nonadhesives in A. baumannii, helps to fight against related infections.Materials and Methods:A total of 104 samples from teaching hospitals in Kermanshah, Iran, were collected during a 24 months period (2011-2013). Sample identification was first carried out by biochemical tests, and then their susceptibility to carbapenems was determined using the Kirby–Bauer method. For confirmation of carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for carbapenemase-encoding genes. In addition, the frequency of nonadhesive VFs in carbapenemase-producing isolates was determined by PCR.Results:There were 50 isolates that were identified as carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii. The PCR results showed; 40 isolates (80%) for traT, 17 isolates (34%) for cvaC, and 8 isolates (16%) for iutA, and these encode serum resistance, colicin V and aerobactin, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between these three genes.Conclusions:The mechanism of A. baumannii virulence has always been in question. The role of VFs has also been recognized in other Gram-negative bacteria. According to the prevalence of traT, cvaC and iutA, as nonadhesive VFs, we can suggest that they could be the main mechanism of carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii pathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…(2012) studied 14 samples of Acinetobacter and indicated that 7 isolates (50%) had serum resistance phenotypically. [ 17 ] King et al . in the USA found that from 7 A. baumannii isolates, 3 isolates (43%) had serum resistance phenotypically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluate the frequency distribution of nonadhesive virulence factors in carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical samples in Kermanshah

Mohajeri

Sharbati

Rezaei³

2016

J Nat Sc Biol Med

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“…A study conducted by Doughari et al . [ 35 ] confirmed the presence of the verotoxins 1 and 2, which is also associated with the EHEC strain in the Berg River system using the antibody-based rapid slide agglutination assay with a Duopath Kit (Merck, Johannesburg, South Africa). The primer sets used in this study targeted a region common for both the stx1 and stx2 genes found in the EHEC strain, which causes hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis in humans [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Co-Detection of Virulent Escherichia coli Genes in Surface Water Sources

et al. 2015

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McNemar’s test and the Pearson Chi-square were used to assess the co-detection and observed frequency, respectively, for potentially virulent E. coli genes in river water. Conventional multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays confirmed the presence of the aggR gene (69%), ipaH gene (23%) and the stx gene (15%) carried by Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Enterohermorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), respectively, in river water samples collected from the Berg River (Paarl, South Africa). Only the aggR gene was present in 23% of samples collected from the Plankenburg River system (Stellenbosch, South Africa). In a comparative study, real-time multiplex PCR assays confirmed the presence of aggR (EAEC) in 69%, stx (EHEC) in 15%, ipaH (EIEC) in 31% and eae (EPEC) in 8% of the river water samples collected from the Berg River. In the Plankenburg River, aggR (EAEC) was detected in 46% of the samples, while eae (EPEC) was present in 15% of the water samples analyzed using real-time multiplex PCR in the Plankenburg River. Pearson Chi-square showed that there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) between the conventional and real-time multiplex PCRs for the detection of virulent E. coli genes in water samples. However, the McNemar’s test showed some variation in the co-detection of virulent E. coli genes, for example, there was no statistical difference in the misclassification of the discordant results for stx versus ipaH, which implies that the ipaH gene was frequently detected with the stx gene. This study thus highlights the presence of virulent E. coli genes in river water and while early detection is crucial, quantitative microbial risk analysis has to be performed to identify and estimate the risk to human health.

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“…A high incidence of ESBL E. coli has been reported by Doughari et al . [74] and George et al . [75] in environmental isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli in groundwater of Brij region (Uttar Pradesh) and its public health implications

Sharma¹,

Parul²,

Verma³

et al. 2017

Vet World

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Aim:The study evaluates the microbial as well as physicochemical pollution of groundwater of Brij region of Uttar Pradesh, a major tourist destination in the country along with estimating the drug resistance evident in the isolated Escherichia coli.Materials and Methods:A total of 60 samples of groundwater were collected from six different sites and assessed for physicochemical (pH, color, taste, turbidity, total dissolved solids [TDS], total hardness [TH], chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, and iron) and microbiological parameters (standard plate count [SPC], most probable number test [MPN], E. coli).Results:A majority of the samples were found to be out of the range for most of the parameters except iron. Particularly, high values of TDS (up to 9000 ppm), TH (1500 mg/L), chlorides (3250 mg/L), fluorides (2.5 mg/L), and nitrates (100.2 mg/L) were observed at most of the sites in the region highlighting the fact that groundwater of the area is not potable. Samples were turbid and salty to taste. High SPC values, up to 3500 colony-forming unit/ml and coliforms beyond BIS range were found in 40% samples suggesting gross microbial contamination. Only 2 sites (G3 and G5) had low MPN values. Overall 16 (26.67%) E. coli were isolated with 3 (18.75%) producing red colonies on conge red agar, hence supposed to be pathogenic. No E. coli O157:H7 was isolated. High antimicrobial resistance was observed against amoxicillin and erythromycin, whereas E. coli isolates were sensitive toward cefotaxime-clavulanic acid and imipenem. 12 isolates (75%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) with MDR index >20%, and 2 isolates (12.5%) were found to be extended spectrum beta-lactamases positive.Conclusion:Groundwater is considered to be a safe option for potable water but it is obvious from the findings of this study that considerable physicochemical and microbial contamination is there in groundwater samples of Brij region. The occurrence of MDR E. coli in these waters is a matter of great public health concern.

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Virulence, Resistance Genes, and Transformation Amongst Environmental Isolates of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp.

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluate the frequency distribution of nonadhesive virulence factors in carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical samples in Kermanshah

Evaluate the frequency distribution of nonadhesive virulence factors in carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from clinical samples in Kermanshah

Co-Detection of Virulent Escherichia coli Genes in Surface Water Sources

Occurrence of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli in groundwater of Brij region (Uttar Pradesh) and its public health implications

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