Our purpose was to evaluate the pathologic features and outcome of pregnancies that were complicated with adnexal masses and were managed surgically. A review of patients who had persistent adnexal masses during pregnancy and needed surgical removal of tumours was performed from January 1998 to April 2001. There were 14 cases of persistent adnexal masses identified among 2000 deliveries. There were 13 patients who had surgical interventions: nine (69.2%) had surgery during ongoing pregnancy (at mean gestational age 17+/-3.7 weeks), two (15.3%) with caesarean section, one (7.6%) after evacuation of missed abortion and one (7.5%) after delivery. Out of 13, ten (76.9%) were benign [mature cystic teratoma, six (46.9%); serous cyst adenoma, two (15.3%); mucinous cyst adenoma, one (7.6%); paratubal cyst, one (7.6%)] and three (23%) were malignant (one immature teratoma, one papillary cyst adenocarcinoma and one krukenberg tumour]. Both patients operated on after 24 weeks had pre-term delivery. The worst outcome in the form of PPROM and preterm delivery at 28 weeks occurred in a patient who underwent emergency surgery. The incidence of malignancy was four- to fivefold greater in our series than reported in the literature. Ultrasound was unable to distinguish malignant cases. Pregnancy outcome was poorer if surgical intervention was done after >24 weeks and that, too, was done as emergency surgery.
Neurogenesis involves generation of functional newborn neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs). Insufficient formation or accelerated degeneration of newborn neurons may contribute to the severity of motor/nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the functional role of adult neurogenesis in PD is yet not explored and whether glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) affects multiple steps of adult neurogenesis in PD is still unknown. We investigated the possible underlying molecular mechanism of impaired adult neurogenesis associated with PD. Herein, we show that single intra-medial forebrain bundle (MFB) injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) efficiently induced long-term activation of GSK-3β and reduced NSC self-renewal, proliferation, neuronal migration, and neuronal differentiation accompanied with increased astrogenesis in subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Indeed, 6-OHDA also delayed maturation of neuroblasts in the DG as witnessed by their reduced dendritic length and arborization. Using a pharmacological approach to inhibit GSK-3β activation by specific inhibitor SB216763, we show that GSK-3β inhibition enhances radial glial cells, NSC proliferation, self-renewal in the SVZ, and the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the rat PD model. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β activity enhances neuroblast population in SVZ and SGZ and promotes migration of neuroblasts towards the rostral migratory stream and lesioned striatum from dorsal SVZ and lateral SVZ, respectively, in PD model. GSK-3β inhibition enhances dendritic arborization and survival of granular neurons and stimulates NSC differentiation towards the neuronal phenotype in DG of PD model. The aforementioned effects of GSK-3β involve a crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways that are known to regulate NSC dynamics.
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are key to soil and plant health maintenance. In the present study, two PGPR strains which were identified as spp. (accession number KX650178 and KX650179) with nanozeolite (50 ppm) were applied to the seeds in different combinations and tested on growth profile of maize crop. Various growth related parameters, including plant height, leaf area, number of leaves chlorophyll and total protein were positively increased up to twofold by the nanocompound treatment. GC-MS results reveal increase in total phenolic and acid ester compounds after the treatment of nanozeolite and PGPR, which are responsible for stress tolerance mechanism. Soil physicochemical parameters (organic carbon, phosphorous, potassium, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) were assessed qualitatively and a shift towards higher amount was observed. Various biochemical parameters of soil health like dehydrogenase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly enhanced up to threefold with the application of different treatments. The results, for the first time, demonstrate successful use of nanozeolite in enhancing growth of, under controlled conditions and present a viable alternative to GM crop for ensuring food security.
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