Virulence Repertoire, Characterization, and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern Analysis ofEscherichia coliIsolated from Backyard Layers and Their Environment in India

Abstract

This study was undertaken to observe the prevalence, serogroup, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)-associated virulence gene, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) pattern, and antibiotic resistance genes of E. coli in backyard layers and their environment in India. From the 360 samples of healthy layers and their environment, 272 (75.5%) E. coli were isolated. The majority (28.67%) of them were untypeable. Among the studied virulence genes (papC, tsh, iucC, astA), 52 (14.32%) isolates were found to possess astA, including the isolates from the drinking water of the birds (4/272, 1.47%). These strains belonged to 18 different serogroups. Most of the isolates were typeable by RAPD and they produced different patterns. Phenotypic resistance of the isolates was most frequently observed to erythromycin (95.83%), chloramphenicol (87.52%), and cotrimoxazole (78.26%). None of the isolates was found to possess extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M) or quinolone resistance (qnrA) genes by PCR. The present study was the first attempt in India to assess APEC distribution in backyard poultry production.

Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli Serotypes Isolated from Poultry and Humans

“…The carriage rate of E. coli in feces of poultry which ranged from 45.8 % to 54.1 % in the current study is lower than the 75.5 % reported for apparently healthy layers and their environments in India [18] and the 78% reported in ducks by Adzitey et al [19]. Considerably lower prevalence of 39.4 % was however detected in broilers feces by Abhilasha and Gupta [20].…”

Occurrence of extended-spectrum cephalosporinase producing Escherichia coli in kuroiler birds

“…Similarly, in our previous study in rhode Island red (rIr) backyard chickens, no eSBL-producing E. coli and Salmonella spp. were detected due to the lack of antibiotic use (SaMaNta et al, 2014;SaMaNta et al, 2014a). Moreover, it seems that the sulfonamide and trimethoprim groups of antimicrobials were also used neither in the studied kuroilers nor in the surrounding ecosystem, as the sulphonamide resistance genes present in class 1 integron may co-select bla CTX-M (SMet et al, 2008).…”

Approaches to characterize extended spectrum beta-lactamase/beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy organized vis-a-vis backyard farmed pigs in India

“…E. coli are transmitted to human through the food chain during slaughter, improper cooking and unhygienic handling of food (Frye and Jackson, 2013). Transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants through E. coli may complicate the therapeutic regimen in the face of infection as the same families of antibiotics are used in human also (Samanta et al, 2014).…”