Virulence factors of <i>Malassezia</i> strains isolated from <i>pityriasis versicolor</i> patients and healthy individuals

Chebil, Wissal; Rhimi, Wafa; Haouas, Najoua; Romano, Valentina; Belgacem, Sameh; Ali, Hichem Belhadj; Babba, Hamouda; Cafarchia, Claudia

doi:10.1093/mmy/myac060

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 53 publications

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“…42 However, intra-species variation in virulence has been reported indicating that microbial activity rather than abundance is an important factor for the association of specific species to lesional skin. 46,47 Based on these results, it seems too straightforward to attribute SD pathogenesis to the presence of Malassezia alone. as barrier component.…”

Section: Malassezia and Staphylococcus Dominate The Lesional Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Lesional skin of seborrheic dermatitis patients is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and correlating alterations in the stratum corneum ceramide composition

Rousel,

Nădăban,

Saghari

et al. 2023

Experimental Dermatology

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Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythematous papulosquamous lesions in sebum rich areas such as the face and scalp. Its pathogenesis appears multifactorial with a disbalanced immune system, Malassezia driven microbial involvement and skin barrier perturbations. Microbial involvement has been well described in SD, but skin barrier involvement remains to be properly elucidated. To determine whether barrier impairment is a critical factor of inflammation in SD alongside microbial dysbiosis, a cross‐sectional study was performed in 37 patients with mild‐to‐moderate facial SD. Their lesional and non‐lesional skin was comprehensively and non‐invasively assessed with standardized 2D‐photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), microbial profiling including Malassezia species identification, functional skin barrier assessments and ceramide profiling. The presence of inflammation was established through significant increases in erythema, epidermal thickness, vascularization and superficial roughness in lesional skin compared to non‐lesional skin. Lesional skin showed a perturbed skin barrier with an underlying skewed ceramide subclass composition, impaired chain elongation and increased chain unsaturation. Changes in ceramide composition correlated with barrier impairment indicating interdependency of the functional barrier and ceramide composition. Lesional skin showed significantly increased Staphylococcus and decreased Cutibacterium abundances but similar Malassezia abundances and mycobial composition compared to non‐lesional skin. Principal component analysis highlighted barrier properties as main discriminating features. To conclude, SD is associated with skin barrier dysfunction and changes in the ceramide composition. No significant differences in the abundance of Malassezia were observed. Restoring the cutaneous barrier might be a valid therapeutic approach in the treatment of facial SD.

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Section: Malassezia and Staphylococcus Dominate The Lesional Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Lesional skin of seborrheic dermatitis patients is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and correlating alterations in the stratum corneum ceramide composition

Rousel,

Nădăban,

Saghari

et al. 2023

Experimental Dermatology

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Comparison of virulence factors and susceptibility profiles of Malassezia furfur from pityriasis versicolor patients and bloodstream infections of preterm infants

et al. 2022

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In spite of the increasing medical interest of Malassezia yeasts, the virulence factors of M. furfur causing blood stream infections (BSI) were never investigated. Therefore, phospholipase (Pz), lipase (Lz), hemolysin (Hz), biofilm production and in vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles were evaluated in M. furfur strains, both isolated from pityriasis versicolor (PV) patients (n = 18; Group 1) or from preterm infants BSI (n = 21; Group 2). All the teststains exhibited Pz activity whereas 92.3% and 97.4% of strains exhibited Lz and Hz activities, respectively. Pz, Lz and Hz activities were higher (i.e., lower values) within Group 1 strains (i.e., 0.48, 0.40 and 0.77) than those within Group 2 (i.e., 0.54, 0.54 and 0.81). The biofilm production was higher within Malassezia isolates from Group 2 (0.95 ±0.3) than from Group 1 (0.72±0.4). Itraconazole and posaconazole were the most active drugs against M. furfur, followed by amphotericin B and fluconazole. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values varied according to the origin of M. furfur strains being statistically lower in M. furfur from Group 1 than from Group 2. This study suggests that M. furfur strains produce hydrolytic enzymes and biofilm when causing PV and BSI. Data suggest that the phospholipase activity, biofilm production and a reduced antifungal susceptibility profile might favour M. furfur BSI, whereas lipase and haemolytic activities might display synergic role in skin infection.

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Modulatory effect ofOriganum vulgareessential oil and carvacrol onMalasseziaspp. virulence factors

Angiolella

Rojas²,

Mussin³

et al. 2023

Medical Mycology

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Malassezia sympodialis and Malassezia furfur are recognized as an important part of the human and animals healthy skin microbiota, but also as an opportunistic fungus due to their association with a broad spectrum of skin and systemic infections. Human skin infections associated with Malassezia spp. are often chronic, recurrent, and topical or oral azole treatments are challenging with not always successful outcomes. A wide inter and intraspecies antifungal susceptibility variability that may suggest a combination of wild type strains and resistant mutants was reported. The essential oils are complex hydrophobic mixtures of different compounds extracted from plants by distillation and have demonstrated antimicrobial activity. In this study, toxicity in larvae model and the ability of Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) and carvacrol to inhibit virulence factors such as hydrophobicity, adherence, and biofilm formation of M. sympodialis and M. furfur was evaluated. We have demonstrated the antifungal activity of OVEO and carvacrol against both species. Carvacrol was more active and less toxic than OVEO at low concentration (< 1 mg/ml). M. sympodialis showed a significant decrease in adherence and its ability to form biofilms when OVEO or carvacrol is present. Both Malassezia species showed reduced hydrophobicity in presence of carvacrol. Further studies will have to be carried out to understand how these substances act, but the inhibition of some virulence factors could represent a new target to overcome the problem of drug resistance.

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Virulence factors of Malassezia strains isolated from pityriasis versicolor patients and healthy individuals

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Lesional skin of seborrheic dermatitis patients is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and correlating alterations in the stratum corneum ceramide composition

Lesional skin of seborrheic dermatitis patients is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction and correlating alterations in the stratum corneum ceramide composition

Comparison of virulence factors and susceptibility profiles of Malassezia furfur from pityriasis versicolor patients and bloodstream infections of preterm infants

Modulatory effect ofOriganum vulgareessential oil and carvacrol onMalasseziaspp. virulence factors

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