Virulence -Determinants and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Salmonella Species Isolates from Fancy Pigeons in Port-Said Governorate, Egypt

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of salmonellosis among fancy pigeons in Port-Said Governorate, Egypt. Two hundred (150 pet stores and 50 lofts) samples were collected from pigeons suffered from general signs of illness, joint lesions and diarrhea. Bacteriological and serological analysis revealed 12 (6%) isolate of Salmonella species distributed among eight serotypes, in which S. Virchow was more frequently isolated (25%), followed by S. Typhimurium and S. Paratyphi (16.6% each). Meanwhile, S. Akay, S. Salamae, S. Anderlecht, S. Magherafelt and S. Montevideo were 8.3%, each. All Salmonella isolates showed 100% sensitivity towards norfloxacin followed by ciprofloxacin (83.3%). On the other hand, ten Salmonella serotypes showed high resistance to erythromycin and rifampicin by 91.7 %. However, 42.1% of the recovered isolates exhibited Multi drug resistant (MDR) and 16.6% exhibited Extensive drug resistant (XDR) to different antibiotics. Molecular detection of 5 virulence genes (invA, stn, sopE1, pefA and fimH) among four chosen Salmonella serotypes (S. Paratyphi, S. Typhimurium, S. Virchow, S. Montevideo) using conventional PCR revealed the presence of invA, stn and fimH genes in all examined Salmonella serotypes. Meanwhile, sopE1 and pefA genes were detected only between S. Virchow and S. Typhimurium, respectively.

Prevalence of Potential Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens Isolated From Household Pet Birds and Their Antimicrobial Profile in Northern Bangladesh

“…Moreover, 100% resistance to PG, AMX, BAC followed by CH (98.4%), COX (95.2), CN (90.5%), TET (77.2) and VAN (75.7%). Our findings corroborated those of Akhter et al 2010, Hosain et al 2012, Dey et al 2013, Bupasha et al 2020, Karim et al 2020, Elgresly et al 2021and Akbari and Asadpour 2022, who reported that GEN, KN, CIP and LEV were the most highly sensitive and PG, AMX, TET, E were highly resistant against E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from pigeons, parrots and ornamental birds.…”

“…in parrot, 19.1-20% prevalence in quail, 5-20% prevalence in wild bird (Akhter et al 2010;Ghazi et al 2014;Youssef and Mansour 2014). The variations in the prevalence rate of bacterial pathogens in this study could be attributed to bird health, population density, fecaloral transmission success, strain differences, flock immune status, cross contamination, climatic conditions, water supply and food variation, geographical location and management strategies like bird rearing, biosecurity and veterinary care (Hosain et al 2012;Youssef and Mansour 2014;Elgresly et al 2021) The antibiotic therapy is one of the most widely used method to treat disease, however, overuse and incorrect administration of antibiotics leads to antimicrobial resistance. Pet birds have the possibility of contributing to the spread and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to humans.…”

“…Others studies recorded 22.2-29% prevalence of Salmonella spp. in cloacal swab, 30% prevalence in oral swab, 22.8-27.5% prevalence in feces, 33.3% prevalence in loft, 66.6% prevalence in pet store of pigeon, 46.6-50% prevalence in parrot, 21.6-40% prevalence in quail, 5.8-25% prevalence in wild bird and 55% prevalence in animal feed (Pasmans et al 2004;Hedawy and El-Shorbagy 2007;Kobayashi et al 2007;Akhter et al 2010;Hosain et al 2012;Ghazi et al 2014;Youssef and Mansour 2014;Sultana et al 2017;Bupasha et al 2020;Karim et al 2020;Elgresly et al 2021). Our study also revealed the presence of Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp.…”

Risk Factors, Antibiotic Profile, and Molecular Detection of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Enteric Bacteria in Diarrheic Calves in Egypt

“…According to our results, all of the Salmonella serovars examined had the invA gene. A gold standard for the genetic diagnosis of Salmonella species has been identified as the invA gene, which is only found in Salmonella species (O'Regan et al 2008;El-Gresly et al 2021). Among the major toxins, type A strain of C. perfringens produces only alpha-toxin (Goossens et al 2017).…”