Virtual reality and the CAVE: Taxonomy, interaction challenges and research directions

Abstract

One of the main goals of virtual reality is to provide immersive environments that take participants away from the real life into a virtual one. Many investigators have been interested in bringing new technologies, devices, and applications to facilitate this goal. Few, however, have focused on the specific human-computer interaction aspects of such environments. In this article we present our literature review of virtual reality and the Cave Automated Virtual Environment (CAVE). In particular, the article begins by providing a brief overview of the evolution of virtual reality. In addition, key elements of a virtual reality system are presented along with a proposed taxonomy that categorizes such systems from the perspective of technologies used and the mental immersion level found in these systems. Moreover, a detailed overview of the CAVE is presented in terms of its characteristics, uses, and mainly, the interaction styles inside it. Insights of the interaction challenges and research directions of investigating interaction with virtual reality systems in general and the CAVE in particular are thoroughly discussed as well. ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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“…Non-consumer VR applications in industry and academia have focused on large screen systems, such as Cave automatic virtual environments (CAVEs), where the virtual environment is projected on large, room-scale, surfaces (Muhanna, 2015). CAVEs typically require substantial physical space, display technology, and computing resources.…”

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“…Mental immersion has different levels in a Virtual Reality experience. Such an experience can consist of partial or complete mental immersion, although it is worthwhile to note that reaching complete mental immersion in a Virtual Reality experience is still an ongoing challenge for research [15].…”

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“…It was based on perspectives acquired via a viewer-centered headtracking system, and uses LCD stereo shutter glasses [20], [21], [22]. The GAVA was developed as a CAVE based system for remote communication service with the concept of space sharing, including sharing the atmosphere.…”