Virtual industrial water usage and wastewater generation in the Middle East and North Africa 2011–2015

Abstract

This study presents useful methods for quantifying the volumes of water usage, wastewater generation, virtual water export, and wastewater generated by export for six relevant export industries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. These export industries are based in:

Assessment of nutrient contamination in surface water, case study of Ain Zada Dam (North-East of Algeria)

“…2017, 9(3), 1358-1377 1362 Nessler reagent. To measure the BOD 5 , is carried out a first measurement of the oxygen concentration in the water sample. This measurement is repeated 5 days later.…”

“…This measurement is repeated 5 days later. The BOD 5 represents the difference between the two concentrations. BOD 5 and COD were analysed using an automated analyser the SP2000.…”

“…In Algeria, several reservoirs and dams are experiencing in recent years problems of degradation of water quality due mainly to the different sources of pollution [1][2][3][4][5], due to population growth, the expansion of the industrial fabric and agricultural development.…”

A new valorization route for Olive Mill wastewater: Improvement of durability of PP and PBS composites through multifunctional hybrid systems

“…It can cause pollution of natural waters, since its illegal disposal to surface water is unfortunately still practiced [2,3]. Taking into account that Mediterranean countries produce more than 2.4 million tons per year of olives, 90% of which are is meant for olive oil production, up to 30 million m 3 per year of OMW is generated: therefore, its management becomes a big issue [4][5][6].…”

Physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of water quality in different types of water from the Ain Zada Dam of Bordj Bou Arreridj (Algeria).

“…In Algeria, several reservoirs and dams are experiencing in recent years problems of degradation of water quality due mainly to the different sources of pollution (Boudoukha and Boulaarak, 2013;Guizani et al, 2016;Sakhel et al, 2017), due to population growth, the expansion of the industrial fabric and agricultural development. This often discharges from urban areas directly in streams without any treatment due to the lack of regulatory and remediation frameworks at the area (Bain et al, 2014).…”