Virtual humans: thirty years of research, what next?

Magnenat‐Thalmann, Nadia; Thalmann, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s00371-005-0363-6

Cited by 60 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…The other aspect of the research focuses on 3D scanning and the modeling of virtual humans, to ensure representation of the exact 3D human body model for the virtual prototyping of garments [35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. The commonly used 3D scanners for human body capturing are Vitus Smart of Human Solutions, Symcad of Telmat, TC2, Cyberware-WBX etc.…”

Section: Virtual Prototyping Of Garmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study regarding the virtual prototyping of garments for paraplegics

et al. 2015

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The sitting position is very common in everyday life and therefore any garment should be comfortable in that positon. It is especially important for those who are disabled and are confined to a sitting position throughout life. These include paraplegics whose restricted movements are due to paralysis of the lower limbs and restrict them to a wheelchair. Garments for a sitting position should meet certain particular needs like the body dimensions and postures of each individual. Design considerations should provide ergonomic comfort in a sitting position and include functional requirements due to limitations of strength and mobility in such a way that they do not cause additional health problems to paraplegics, e.g. skin irritations, pressure sores, obstruction of the blood flow etc., but rather to improve the quality of life for paraplegics. Today, the development of garments is practically impossible to imagine without the assistance of 3D CAD systems for the virtual prototyping of garments, which usually provide only the 3D body models in a standing position. The aim of this study was to explore the possibilities for the virtual prototyping of garments in regard to the sitting position, using the OptiTex 3D commercial CAD system. For this purpose 3D scans of subjects in sitting position were performed using a general-purpose ATOS II 3D optical scanning system. In addition, processing techniques of the human body mesh modeling and surface reconstruction techniques were involved to obtain a sitting 3D body model. The garments' basic pattern designs for a standing position were constructed according to the rules of the M. Müller&Sohn construction system. Their reconstruction into garments' basic pattern designs for a sitting position were performed by using the virtual measured dimensions of the scanned 3D body model in a sitting position, and virtual prototyping of the garments. Comparisons between the dimensions of the real and the 3D body models were carried out, as well as a comparison between the real sewn and virtually developed garments. The research showed that a reliable sitting 3D body model was achieved by used scanning technology, modeling and reconstruction techniques, as well as the usefulness and effectiveness of the virtual prototyping of the garments for a sitting position. In this study fully mobile individuals were involved to avoid unnecessary burdening of paraplegics in this stage of the research. The experiences gained from this study will enable us to include paraplegics within the study during the scanning and anthropometric survey with the aim of designing a general parametric 3D body model. Its body dimensions and postures would be possible for adapting from able-bodied persons with the purpose of developing individual garments for paraplegics.

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Section: Virtual Prototyping Of Garmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study regarding the virtual prototyping of garments for paraplegics

et al. 2015

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“…Pedestrian or crowd simulations have been studied for decades using agent technology. 1,2 The AI community has been focusing on developing a comprehensive agent architecture so that the agent behaves realistically (in either 2D or 3D), whereas the computer animation community has been trying to produce realistic 3D animations using agent technology. However, there have not been many studies in connection with social science research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A social agent pedestrian model

Park

Calvert²

2008

Computer Animation & Virtual

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This paper presents a social agent pedestrian model based on experiments with human subjects. Research studies of criminology and environmental psychology show that certain features of the urban environment generate fear in people, causing them to take alternate routes. The Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) strategy has been implemented to reduce fear of crime and crime itself. Our initial prototype of a pedestrian model was developed based on these findings of criminology research. In the course of validating our model, we constructed a virtual environment (VE) that resembles a well-known fear-generating area where several decision points were set up. 60 human subjects were invited to navigate the VE and their choices of routes and comments during the post interviews were analyzed using statistical techniques and content analysis. IntroductionIt is natural to combine human character animation and artificial intelligence (AI), particularly, agent technology because an agent represents an autonomous entity like a human that behaves independently. Agent technology becomes more appealing when crowd simulation is needed because it is economic to use multi-agent systems. Pedestrian or crowd simulations have been studied for decades using agent technology.1,2 The AI community has been focusing on developing a comprehensive agent architecture so that the agent behaves realistically (in either 2D or 3D), whereas the computer animation community has been trying to produce realistic 3D animations using agent technology. However, there have not been many studies in connection with social science research. Currently, many social science researchers are beginning to seek ways to visualize or simulate their findings using available technologies. Our interdisciplinary research is a result of the demands from both applied and social science communities, particularly, computer science and *Correspondence to: A. Park, School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, 250-13450 102 Avenue, Surrey, BC V3T 0A3, Canada. E-mail: aparkd@sfu.ca criminology. Our goal is to develop a pedestrian model based on the findings of social science research and to validate it. Many research studies in criminology and environmental psychology have discovered that people are afraid of certain features of the urban environment such as narrow passageways, hidden space created by corners, tall bushes, and dumpsters. They also fear the confrontation with potential offenders who might be hiding themselves using these environmental characteristics. If they sense possible dangers or risks, they take alternative routes to reach their destinations. We employed these findings in our pedestrian agent model and simulation system. In order to validate our model, we constructed a VE resembling a well-known fear-generating urban area. We intentionally set up five decision points with distinct environmental features that we wanted to test. We then recruited 60 subjects to navigate our VE making decisions at the decision points....

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“…Since virtual worlds are fast-changing and becoming more demanding, we go along with Magnenat-Thalmann and Thalmann who stated that it is important to enable virtual humans to have a realistic perception of the environment surrounding them, and to make them aware of it by building touch, vision and proprioception modeled on humans' perception [9]. Conde and Thalman [1] presented a model which emphasizes the role of a unified agent perception to establish a cognitive map of the Virtual Environment.…”

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Peripersonal Action Space for Virtual Humans Using Touch and Proprioception

Nguyen

Wachsmuth

2009

Intelligent Virtual Agents

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Abstract. We propose a computational model for building a tactile body schema for a virtual human. The learned body structure of the agent can enable it to acquire a perception of the space surrounding its body, namely its peripersonal space. The model uses tactile and proprioceptive informations and relies on an algorithm which was originally applied with visual and proprioceptive sensor data. In order to feed the model, we present work on obtaining the nessessary sensory data only from touch sensors and the motor system. Based on this, we explain the learning process for a tactile body schema. As there is not only a technical motivation for devising such a model but also an application of peripersonal action space, an interaction example with a conversational agent is described.

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Virtual humans: thirty years of research, what next?

Cited by 60 publications

References 80 publications

Study regarding the virtual prototyping of garments for paraplegics

Study regarding the virtual prototyping of garments for paraplegics

A social agent pedestrian model

Modeling Peripersonal Action Space for Virtual Humans Using Touch and Proprioception

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