Virtual Description of Non-Crimp Fabrics at the Scale of Filaments Including Orientation Variability in the Fibrous Layers

Colin, David; Bel, Sylvain; Hans, Thorsten; Hartmann, Mathias; Drechsler, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s10443-020-09819-1

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For unidirectional glass NCFs, this work resulted in reliable characterization of the fibre waviness, which influences mechanical performance [80][81][82][83]. Multi-scale, multi-step description of the orientation variability was applied to multi-axial NCFs [84].…”

Section: Specific Deformability Of Stitched Ncfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in composite forming through 25 years of ESAFORM

et al. 2022

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The increase in the number of structural applications of composite materials, especially in the aerospace and automotive industries, has led to a demand for robust models to simulate composite forming processes. The mechanical behaviour of composite materials during forming is relatively complex due to their fibre-matrix composition. Many research studies have been conducted in the past 25-plus years into experimental methods for the characterization of the mechanical behaviours that are exhibited by textile-reinforced composite material systems during forming and into the development of material models to be used in computer codes for forming simulations. These studies have been presented and discussed in the ESA-FORM conferences since 1997 and especially in the 'Composite Forming Processes' mini-symposium launched in 2001. This article presents a survey of the research carried out in this context. Mechanical characterization tests specific to composite forming are presented as well as recent analysis techniques such as digital image correlation and X-ray tomography. Threedimensional mechanical behaviour laws, in particular hypo-and hyperelastic, have been developed and extended to second gradient models. Specific shell approaches have been presented and their application to wrinkling analysis. Resin flow and permeability analysis is another area of research in composite forming processes which are discussed in this article. Research on certain processes is also presented, in particular thermoforming of thermoplastic composites, wet compression moulding, pultrusion, automated fibre placement and three-dimensional printing. This comprehensive review of the works of multiple research groups is a recognition of the breadth and depth of efforts that have been invested into the understanding of the manufacturability of textile-reinforced composite materials.

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Section: Specific Deformability Of Stitched Ncfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in composite forming through 25 years of ESAFORM

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, as discussed by Colin et al 29 the filament orientation within NCFs is not perfectly aligned with the tow direction. Within tows this can for example include a waviness of the filaments or filaments laying at an angle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Setting bounds for in-plane shear induced fiber angle deviations in bi-axial non-crimp fabrics

Zeeuw

Peeters

Bergsma

et al. 2022

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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For pick-and-place processes to become widely implemented in industry a consistent and acceptable product quality needs to be achieved. In the state of the art it is assumed that reinforcements will be in perfect condition at the start of forming or draping. In reality the handling process can already result in undesired deformations. The current work will look at fiber angle deviations that occur during this process due to in-plane shear. It is shown that bounds can be set for these fiber angle deviations based on experimental work. Periodic representative volume element homogenization is used to obtain homogenized material properties for a bi-axial non-crimp fabric with a specific construction. With these material properties the in-plane shear strain, and thus the fiber angle deviations, can be predicted. The presented methodology and results obtained using it can be a basis in the design process for automated handling of reinforcements and for in-situ quality control of the pick-and-place process.

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“…Fig. 8 shows the schematic presentation of how the gaps between fiber bundles might be formed due to stitch tension [5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal of the study is the selection of an optimized stitching architecture in carbon fiber UD NCF, regarding impregnation behavior during permeability test [5][6][7][8]. Therefore, the cycle time for impregnation of the textile can be shortened.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of carbon fiber non-crimp fabrics stitching parameters on the out-of-plane permeability in liquid composite molding process

Başer

2023

JSEAM

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The widespread use of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) has attracted many industries such as defense, and aerospace as well as in sailboats, automotive, and rotor-blades, where high strength-to-weight ratios are required. For the aerospace and defense customer today, the importance is no longer just on minimum weight and therefore performance, but primarily on cost of ownership. Textile-manufactured composites, particularly of non-crimp fabric (NCF) type offer significant cost savings in terms of reduced labor time and higher deposition rates over the unidirectional prepreg tape which is the most traditional method. Vacuum vacuum-assisted infusion method is the most used production technic in CFRP parts which also offers high fiber ratios. The most important goal is the impregnation of carbon fiber package in a through-the-thickness direction to get good quality parts in infusion. The behavior of the impregnability depends mainly on the out-of-plane permeability of the fabric. The fiber type, orientation of the fibers, and the stitching parameters, mainly influence the permeability of the fabric. In this study, the influence of textile parameters on the out-of-plane permeability of UD (unidirectional) carbon fiber NCF was investigated. The stitching yarn parameters (stitch pattern, stitch tension, and stitch length) were varied to see the influence on the out-of-plane permeability. The out-of-plane permeability was measured using a tailored visual flow front monitoring method by measuring resin flow distance on the X and Y axes of the fabric during infusion. The results show that the out-of-plane permeability of the UD (0°) carbon fiber NCF is significantly affected by the stitch pattern, stitch tension, and stitch length.

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Virtual Description of Non-Crimp Fabrics at the Scale of Filaments Including Orientation Variability in the Fibrous Layers

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Advances in composite forming through 25 years of ESAFORM

Advances in composite forming through 25 years of ESAFORM

Setting bounds for in-plane shear induced fiber angle deviations in bi-axial non-crimp fabrics

Influence of carbon fiber non-crimp fabrics stitching parameters on the out-of-plane permeability in liquid composite molding process

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