“…It is also a cheaper and safer option for users (Enkel and Gassmann, 2010;Yeganegi et al, 2019). Exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation have differences regarding task difficulty, technical tools and outputs, competency and input demands on participants, and the resulting impacts (Benner and Tushman, 2003;Roberts and Dinger, 2018;Zhang et al, 2022). Owing to the diverse innovation activities, participants' psychological perceptions may vary in online user innovation communities.…”