Virostatic potential of micro–nano filopodia-like ZnO structures against herpes simplex virus-1

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) entry into target cell is initiated by the ionic interactions between positively charged viral envelop glycoproteins and a negatively charged cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). This first step involves the induction of HS-rich filopodia-like structures on the cell surface that facilitate viral transport during cell entry. Targeting this initial first step in HSV-1 pathogenesis, we generated different zinc oxide (ZnO) micro-nano structures (MNSs) that were capped with multiple nanoscopic spikes mimicking cell induced filopodia. These MNSs were predicted to target the virus to compete for its binding to cellular HS through their partially negatively charged oxygen vacancies on their nanoscopic spikes, to affect viral entry and subsequent spread. Our results demonstrate that the partially negatively charged ZnO-MNSs efficiently trap the virions via a novel virostatic mechanism rendering them unable to enter into human corneal fibroblasts-a natural target cell for HSV-1 infection. The anti-HSV-1 activity of ZnO MNSs was drastically enhanced after creating additional oxygen vacancies under UV-light illumination. Our results provide a novel insight into the significance of ZnO MNSs as the potent HSV-1 inhibitor and rationalize their development as a novel topical agent for the prevention of HSV-1 infection. KeywordsZinc oxide structures; herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1); virus-cell interaction

Textiles Funcionales Como Barrera De Protección Ante Infecciones Asociadas a La Atención en Salud

“…Mishra et al (Mishra et al, 2011) y Antoine et al (Antoine et al, 2012 diseñaron micro-nanoestructuras de ZnO denominadas tretápodos que demostraron ser capaces de inhibir la entrada del virus a la célula hospede-ra, y el potencial de parar la diseminación del virus a lo largo de las células infectadas. El mecanismo detrás de la neutralización del HSV-2 se relaciona con la unión de las NP-ZnO con el virión de HSV-2.…”

Versatile Fabrication of Complex Shaped Metal Oxide Nano-Microstructures and Their Interconnected Networks for Multifunctional Applications

“…These nanospikes were investigated in details using cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscopy along with precession electron diffraction studies and it was observed that they consist of twin boundary propagating along the c-axis 69) . Such ZnO nanoseaurchin structures show their promising application as potential candidate for blocking the viral (HSV-1) entry into the cells 60) . Further work on this kind of micro-nanostructures is in progress.…”

“…The ZnO tetrapod and multipode structures can be harvested and can be utilized accordingly for desired applications. The ZnO tetrapods have shown promising applications, as antiviral agents 60,61) , in advanced linking ]. technology 64) and designing self-reporting composites 65) .…”

“…These FTS synthesized metal oxide nanomicrostructures have already shown promising applications in different directions [60][61][62][63][64][65][66] . ZnO nanoseaurchin and tetrapod type structures grown by FTS approach exhibit strong potential of blocking the viral (herpes simplex virus type-1 and type-2) entry into the cells 60,61) . The submicron size tetrapods can be utilized for advanced linking technologies 64) and designing multifunctional composites, e.g., new concept of self-reporting material 65) .…”

Local magnetization and strain in single magnetoelectric microrod composites

“…The investigated PE microrods, synthesized by flame transport synthesis, 14,15 have a characteristic hexagonal cross section, are approximately 700 lm long, and have a maximum diameter of 27 lm, corresponding to an aspect ratio of $26, i.e., even higher than the aspect ratio given in Ref. 10 ( Fig.…”