Virological Investigation of the River Elbe

Johl, Margrit; Kerkmann, M.-L.; Karmer, U.; Walter, R.

doi:10.2166/wst.1991.0058

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Cell culture was a common method to isolate viruses in water until the early 1990s (11,15,24). More recently, PCR has come to be a major tool for detection, and various types of viruses have been isolated in surface water by PCR, including noncultivable viruses, such as noroviruses (NVs) (4,6,29,31,32).…”

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Application of Cation-Coated Filter Method to Detection of Noroviruses, Enteroviruses, Adenoviruses, and Torque Teno Viruses in the Tamagawa River in Japan

Haramoto

Katayama

Oguma

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

195

146

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The occurrence of human enteric viruses in surface water in the Tamagawa River, Japan, was surveyed for 1 year, from April 2003 to March 2004. Sixty-four samples were collected from six sites along the river, and 500 ml of the sample was concentrated using the cation-coated filter method, which was developed in our previous study. This method showed recovery yields of 56% ؎ 32% (n ‫؍‬ 37) for surface water samples inoculated with polioviruses. More than one kind of tested virus was detected in 43 (67%) of 64 samples by TaqMan PCR. Noroviruses and adenoviruses were detected in a high positive ratio; 34 (53%), 28 (44%), and 29 (45%) of 64 samples were positive for norovirus genotype 1 and genotype 2 and adenoviruses, respectively. The mean concentrations of norovirus genotype 1 or genotype 2 determined by real-time PCR were 0.087 and 0.61 genome/ml, respectively, showing much higher values in winter (0.21 genome/ml for genotype 1 and 2.3 genomes/ml for genotype 2). Enteroviruses were detected by both direct PCR (6 of 64 samples; 9%) and cell culture PCR (2 of 64 samples; 3%). Torque teno viruses, emerging hepatitis viruses, were also isolated in three samples (5%). The concentration of total coliforms and the presence of F-specific phages showed a high correlation with the presence of viruses, which suggested that the simultaneous use of total coliforms and F-specific phages as indicators of surface water may work to monitor viral contamination.

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confidence: 99%

Application of Cation-Coated Filter Method to Detection of Noroviruses, Enteroviruses, Adenoviruses, and Torque Teno Viruses in the Tamagawa River in Japan

Haramoto

Katayama

Oguma

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

195

146

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“…Since these viruses cannot be completely removed by sewage treatment procedures, the effluent containing viruses may be discharged into a river. In fact, many different serotypes of enteric viruses have been detected from river water (1,2,4,9,11). Treated river water is used as drinking water in many countries.…”

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Seasonal Distribution of Adenoviruses, Enteroviruses and Reoviruses in Urban River Water

Tani

Dohi

Kurumatani

et al. 1995

Microbiology and Immunology

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In the 63-month period from January 1988 to March 1993, monthly levels of adenoviruses, enteroviruses (coxsackie B, polio, echo) and reoviruses in the urban river water in Nara Prefecture, Japan were in the range 0-25, 0-190 and 0-325, plaque forming units per liter (PFU/liter), and the average levels were 2.4, 40.6 and 56.2 PFU/liter, respectively. The peak reovirus level was found in winter during the cold weather months (Nov. to Mar.). The peak enterovirus level was found in summer (May to Sept.) but continued to be found in autumn-winter (Oct. to Jan.) from 1991 to 1993. The levels of adenoviruses were low throughout all 5 years, as compared to those of reoviruses and enteroviruses. Polioviruses were isolated following the administration of vaccine. Although a changing pattern of serotype prevalence was seen with the coxsackie B viruses and echoviruses from 1988 to 1993, this is not so for polioviruses, which remained almost unchanged for the five-year period. Adenoviruses were isolated throughout all five years, though in small numbers. Reoviruses were isolated most frequently throughout five years.

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