Virologic Studies of Acute Respiratory Disease in Young Adults

Abstract

Hamre, D. and M. Beem (DepL Pediatrics, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 60637). Virologic studies of acute respiratory disease in young adults. V. Coronavirus 229E infections during six years of surveillance. Am J Epidemiol 96: 94-106, 1972.-In a surveillance study of acute respiratory disease in medical students that spanned six consecutive seasons between 1961 and 1968 and encompassed 937 student years of observation, infection with coronavirus 229E was identified by virus isolation and serologic studies. Virus isolation identified 12 infections, 8 in one season, 4 in another. Complement fixing (CJF) antibody titer rises identified 133 infections that occurred in all six seasons of surveillance, involving from 15to 35% of students in three seasons of "high" prevalence, and 1 to 5% in intervening seasons of "low" prevalence. Infection occurred in a winter-spring seasonal pattern and was associated with acute respiratory illness that was not clinically distinctive. Neutralizing antibody to 229E was commonly present in the sera of the students. The level of this did not appear to influence the occurrence of, or likelihood of illness with, reinfection as judged by CF seroconversion; however, the frequency of significant rise in neutralizing antibody titer with reinfection was inversely related to pre-infection levels of this antibody. Infection with other common respiratory viruses did not stimulate significant CF or neutralizing antibody titer rises to 229E. coronaviruses; respiratory tract infections; serology; viruses

Prevalence of human coronavirus antibody in the population of southern iraq

“…Previous studies have analyzed the prevalence of HCV antibodies in the sera of various populations in North America [Cavallaro and Monto, 1970;Hamre and Beem, 1972;Hendley et al, 1972;Kaye et al, 1971;McIntosh et al, 19701, South America [Candeias et al, 19721, and Europe [Bradburne and Somerset, 1972;Hovi et al, 1979;Zakstelskaya et al, 19721 and shown that HCV antibodies are widespead in these populations. Several of these reports describe variations in the incidence of antibodies to HCVs depending on a number of factors including the population studied and the season the samples were taken.…”

“…Recent reports have suggested that these viruses may be associated with more severe diseases, and in particular gastroenteritis, but as yet there is no clear evidence to support this [Macnaughton and Davies, 19811. Several reports have analyzed the extent of infections in various populations in America and Europe by estimates of HCV antibodies in sera from patients and volunteers [Bradburne and Somerset, 1972;Candeias et al, 1970;Cavallaro and Monto, 1970;Hamre and Beem, 1972;Hendley et al, 1972;Hovi et al, 1979; Kaye et al, 1971;McIntosh et al, 1970;Zakstelskaya et al, 19721. A number of assays have been used, including neutralization, complement fixation, hemagglutination inhibition, and radioimmunoassay.…”

Detection of Coronavirus Infection of Man by Immunofluorescence

“…The techniques that generally have been employed are complement fixation (CF) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) (2,3). However, certain problems of sensitivity and specificity are inherent in these methods and difficulty in interpretation of results can sometimes be resolved only by use of the far more complicated neutralization test (2,4,5).…”

Detection and Identification by Immune Electron Microscopy of Fastidious Agents Associated with Respiratory Illness, Acute Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis, and Hepatitis A

“…Coronaviruses have been shown in several seroepidemiologic studies to be not uncommon in both pédiatrie and adult populations (18,19,38,40,48,53,61,62,75) but, in spite of this, recovery of these agents has been quite rare, as only thirty-two isolations have been reported since 1965 when the first strain, B814, was recovered in human embryonic trachea! organ culture (HETOC) by Tyrrell and Bynoe (15, 38, 45, 68,80,81).…”