Viro-antibody therapy: engineering oncolytic viruses for genetic delivery of diverse antibody-based biotherapeutics

Kontermann, Roland E.; Ungerechts, Guy; Nettelbeck, Dirk M.

doi:10.1080/19420862.2021.1982447

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…At present, OV and antibody treatments are two emerging fields in cancer immunotherapy. Both of them can be obtained through molecular engineering, which significantly improves tumor targeting and killing efficacy ( 75 ). The two therapies are combined to deliver antibodies from the amplified viral genome to the tumor by infecting host cells ( 75 ).…”

Section: Oncolytic Virus As a Vector Expressing Cytokines Tumor Pepti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both of them can be obtained through molecular engineering, which significantly improves tumor targeting and killing efficacy ( 75 ). The two therapies are combined to deliver antibodies from the amplified viral genome to the tumor by infecting host cells ( 75 ). It was found that mice infected with oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing anti-EGFR single-chain antibody (GLV-1h442) show significantly slower tumor growth in vivo than mice infected with empty oncolytic vaccinia virus (GLV- 1h68) alone ( 76 ).…”

Section: Oncolytic Virus As a Vector Expressing Cytokines Tumor Pepti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that mice infected with oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing anti-EGFR single-chain antibody (GLV-1h442) show significantly slower tumor growth in vivo than mice infected with empty oncolytic vaccinia virus (GLV- 1h68) alone ( 76 ). Furthermore, the oncolytic virus vector can be used to complete the co-expression of antibodies with multiple functions in tumors, including direct-killing tumor cell antibodies, anti-angiogenic antibodies, tumor stromal cell-killing antibodies, or antibodies that can activate immune responses, to achieve a more powerful tumor growth inhibitory power ( 75 ). SVA possess a positive-strand genomic RNA of ~7.5kb, so it can tolerate gene insertion of less than 800bp in length, so SVA could express single-chain antibody instead of regular monoclonal antibodies.…”

Section: Oncolytic Virus As a Vector Expressing Cytokines Tumor Pepti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Senecavirus A as an Oncolytic Virus: Prospects, Challenges and Development Directions

Luo

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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Oncolytic viruses have the capacity to selectively kill infected tumor cells and trigger protective immunity. As such, oncolytic virotherapy has become a promising immunotherapy strategy against cancer. A variety of viruses from different families have been proven to have oncolytic potential. Senecavirus A (SVA) was the first picornavirus to be tested in humans for its oncolytic potential and was shown to penetrate solid tumors through the vascular system. SVA displays several properties that make it a suitable model, such as its inability to integrate into human genome DNA and the absence of any viral-encoded oncogenes. In addition, genetic engineering of SVA based on the manipulation of infectious clones facilitates the development of recombinant viruses with improved therapeutic indexes to satisfy the criteria of safety and efficacy regulations. This review summarizes the current knowledge and strategies of genetic engineering for SVA, and addresses the current challenges and future directions of SVA as an oncolytic agent.

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Section: Oncolytic Virus As a Vector Expressing Cytokines Tumor Pepti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oncolytic Virus As a Vector Expressing Cytokines Tumor Pepti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oncolytic Virus As a Vector Expressing Cytokines Tumor Pepti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Senecavirus A as an Oncolytic Virus: Prospects, Challenges and Development Directions

Luo

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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“…Although various studies demonstrated viruses potential in eliminating tumor cells, there is currently no report that virotherapy can lead to a complete cure of cancer alone due to the previously mentioned challenges. However, there is ample evidence that OVs can be considered as the basis of combination therapy in different cancers due to their multiple mechanisms of action and their simultaneous effects on tumor cells, immune cells, and the TME ( 45 , 159 ). Here, we have discussed possible combinations of OVs with different biological products that can overcome monotherapy challenges and limitations in cancer treatment.…”

Section: Oncolytic Virotherapy In Combination With Cancer Immunothera...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there is evidence that OVs have the capacity to transform an immunologically “cold” TME into a “hot” one via the production of chemokines and cytokines. It is worth noting that a balance between helpful anti-tumor immunity and harmful anti-virus immune responses is necessary for optimizing immunovirotherapy ( 68 , 69 ). In order to modify the TME, OVs may also target tumor-associated stroma cells, such as endothelial cells.…”

Section: Intro To Virotherapy: From Concept To Bedsidementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses

Jafari

Kadkhodazadeh²,

Shapourabadi³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Despite the fact that the new drugs and targeted therapies have been approved for cancer therapy during the past 30 years, the majority of cancer types are still remain challenging to be treated. Due to the tumor heterogeneity, immune system evasion and the complex interaction between the tumor microenvironment and immune cells, the great majority of malignancies need multimodal therapy. Unfortunately, tumors frequently develop treatment resistance, so it is important to have a variety of therapeutic choices available for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Immunotherapy has lately shown clinical responses in malignancies with unfavorable outcomes. Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy is a cancer treatment strategy that employs naturally occurring or genetically-modified viruses that multiply preferentially within cancer cells. OVs have the ability to not only induce oncolysis but also activate cells of the immune system, which in turn activates innate and adaptive anticancer responses. Despite the fact that OVs were translated into clinical trials, with T-VECs receiving FDA approval for melanoma, their use in fighting cancer faced some challenges, including off-target side effects, immune system clearance, non-specific uptake, and intratumoral spread of OVs in solid tumors. Although various strategies have been used to overcome the challenges, these strategies have not provided promising outcomes in monotherapy with OVs. In this situation, it is increasingly common to use rational combinations of immunotherapies to improve patient benefit. With the development of other aspects of cancer immunotherapy strategies, combinational therapy has been proposed to improve the anti-tumor activities of OVs. In this regard, OVs were combined with other biotherapeutic platforms, including various forms of antibodies, nanobodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and dendritic cells, to reduce the side effects of OVs and enhance their efficacy. This article reviews the promising outcomes of OVs in cancer therapy, the challenges OVs face and solutions, and their combination with other biotherapeutic agents.

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Novel technologies for applying immune checkpoint blockers

Awad¹,

Breckpot²

2024

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

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Viro-antibody therapy: engineering oncolytic viruses for genetic delivery of diverse antibody-based biotherapeutics

Cited by 10 publications

References 148 publications

Senecavirus A as an Oncolytic Virus: Prospects, Challenges and Development Directions

Senecavirus A as an Oncolytic Virus: Prospects, Challenges and Development Directions

Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses

Novel technologies for applying immune checkpoint blockers

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