Viremia in Infants Vaccinated With Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (Sabin)1*

Horstmann, Dorothy M.; Opton, Edward M.; Klemperer, Ruth M. M.; Llado, Belem; Vignec, Alfred J.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120363

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…However neurovirulent PV1 strain viruses repli cate more efficiently than avirulent strains in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [43], Thus attenuated PV may be less efficiently disseminated from the primary site of replication to the CNS. This is consistent with the obser vation that levels of viremia are lower in recipients of Sabin poliovaccine than in naturally infected patients [44], Attenuated PV strains also replicate less efficiently in cells of neural origin [41 ]. suggesting that they may also be less able to replicate within the CNS.…”

Section: Virus-encoded Determinants Of Neuropathogenesissupporting

confidence: 88%

Enterovirus Infections of the Central Nervous System

Muir

Loon

1997

Intervirology

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The genus Enterovirus is a large group of viruses belonging to the family Picornaviridae. They have a worldwide distribution, cause a wide spectrum of disease, and are a common cause of central nervous system disease. Included among the sixty-six enterovirus serotypes known to infect humans are the three poliovirus (PV) serotypes, the cause of paralytic poliomyelitis (PPM). PPM has been controlled in many parts of the world by vaccination. Molecular and functional comparison of PV vaccine strain and wild neurovirulent PV strains has provided an insight into mechanisms of neurovirulence. Enteroviruses are also the most commonly implicated viral agents of aseptic meningitis. Less commonly they cause a more serious encephalitis. Specific antiviral treatment for enterovirus infections is not currently available. Virological diagnosis is nonetheless important to distinguish between enterovirus-induced meningitis or encephalitis and other treatable causes of disease with a similar clinical picture.

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Section: Virus-encoded Determinants Of Neuropathogenesissupporting

confidence: 88%

Enterovirus Infections of the Central Nervous System

Muir

Loon

1997

Intervirology

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“…A number of techniques are desecribed for virus isolation from blood [Howell et al, 1979;Horstmann et al, 1964;Melnick et al, 1966;Murray et al, 19811, but few have been applied to detect enteroviremia. In most studies of enterovirus infection serum culture is the only method used, and isolation rates vary considerably, ranging from 0% to 45% [Cherry et al, 1963;Lerner et al, 1962;Prather et al, 19841. In two recent studies that focused on viremia in hyperpyrexic children, buffy coat (washed leukocytes) was cultured with seemingly high enterovirus recovery rates [Murray et al, 1981;Yamauchi et al, 19771.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The isolation of enteroviruses from blood: A comparison of four processing methods

Prather

Dagan²,

Jenista³

et al. 1984

Journal of Medical Virology

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Blood from 28 children hospitalized with symptomatic enterovirus infections was processed by four different methods in an effort to define optimum conditions for detecting viremia. Enteroviremia was demonstrated in 11/28 children. Virus was isolated by method 1 (serum) in 7/11 children and by method 2 (mononuclear leukocytes) in 9/11, but in only 3/10 and 3/11 children by methods 3 and 4 (granulocytes and plasma-mixed leukocytes, respectively). In four children, the only blood isolate was from mononuclear leukocytes, and in two, serum was the only positive blood preparation. This suggests that viremia can be often detected in hospitalized children with enterovirus disease and shows that the methods used for processing blood may significantly influence the isolation rate.

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“…PV replication is observed within 24 h of the removal of blood cells from the body, suggesting that the cells were susceptible in vivo. The finding that blood cells support PV replication provides a mechanistic explanation for early reports that some PV is cell associated in the blood (18,29). Replication in phagocytic cells by several other pathogenic viruses may be a critical step in establishing a natural infection (10,19,21,28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Our finding that PV(1)Mahoney replicates to very high titers in monocytes may provide a mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon. Low levels of viremia have been reported for the Sabin strains and for Sabin 2 in particular (18,29). If PV replication occurs in monocytes in a natural infection, then our data show that neurovirulent strains would be more likely than attenuated strains to be associated with or carried by monocytes into the central nervous system of a nonimmune individual.…”

Section: Replication Of Sabin 1-mahoney Recombinants In Pbmcsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Correlation between poliovirus type 1 Mahoney replication in blood cells and neurovirulence

Freistadt

Eberle

1996

J Virol

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Poliovirus (PV) is not often described as a monocyte-or macrophage-tropic virus; however, previous work indicated that neurovirulent PV type 1 Mahoney [PV(1)Mahoney] can productively infect primary human monocytes. To determine whether this replication has a functional role in pathogenesis, primary human mononuclear blood cells were infected with pairs of attenuated and neurovirulent strains of PV. Two neurovirulent strains of PV, PV(1)Mahoney and PV(2)MEF-1, replicated faster and to higher titers than attenuated counterparts PV(1)Sabin and PV(2)W-2, respectively, in primary human monocytes, suggesting that this replication may contribute to pathogenesis. PV(3)Leon grew weakly, while PV(3)Sabin, PV(2)Sabin, and PV(2) P712 did not replicate in these cells, perhaps because of their slow replication cycle. In U937 cells, a monocytelike cell line, PV(1)Mahoney replicated but PV(1)Sabin did not, while both grew well in HeLa cells. When molecular recombinants of PV(1)Mahoney and PV(1)Sabin were assessed, a correlation between neurovirulence and the ability to replicate in primary human mononuclear blood cells was found. Surprisingly, infectious centers assays with primary human mononuclear blood cells and U937 cells indicated that despite the lower overall viral yield, more cells are initially infected with the attenuated viruses. These results indicate that there are virulence-specific differences in the ability of PV(1)Mahoney to replicate in monocytes and suggest that there may be factors in monocytes that virulent strains of PV require.

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Viremia in Infants Vaccinated With Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (Sabin)1*

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Enterovirus Infections of the Central Nervous System

Enterovirus Infections of the Central Nervous System

The isolation of enteroviruses from blood: A comparison of four processing methods

Correlation between poliovirus type 1 Mahoney replication in blood cells and neurovirulence

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