Viral Vector-Based Melanoma Gene Therapy

Hromić‐Jahjefendić, Altijana; Lundström, Kenneth

doi:10.3390/biomedicines8030060

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 178 publications

(204 reference statements)

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“…VVs, which can transfer genetic material to the host cell, are biological systems derived from natural viruses that have been modified to increase safety, specific absorption, and to improve the efficiency of the active drug molecule. The VVs used in GDEPT are as follows: retro and adenoviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV), or adeno-associated virus (AAV) and poxvirus [ 55 , 56 ]. The most commonly used DNA VVs are based on adenoviruses and AAV.…”

Section: Gdept Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendrimers as Non-Viral Vectors in Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy

et al. 2021

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Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) has been intensively studied as a promising new strategy of prodrug delivery, with its main advantages being represented by an enhanced efficacy and a reduced off-target toxicity of the active drug. In recent years, numerous therapeutic systems based on GDEPT strategy have entered clinical trials. In order to deliver the desired gene at a specific site of action, this therapeutic approach uses vectors divided in two major categories, viral vectors and non-viral vectors, with the latter being represented by chemical delivery agents. There is considerable interest in the development of non-viral vectors due to their decreased immunogenicity, higher specificity, ease of synthesis and greater flexibility for subsequent modulations. Dendrimers used as delivery vehicles offer many advantages, such as: nanoscale size, precise molecular weight, increased solubility, high load capacity, high bioavailability and low immunogenicity. The aim of the present work was to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances regarding the use of dendrimers as non-viral carriers in the GDEPT therapy.

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Section: Gdept Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendrimers as Non-Viral Vectors in Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy

et al. 2021

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“…Melanoma is an indication that has been frequently visited for vaccine development applying viral vectors [137]. For example, immunization of C57BL/6 mice carrying B16-OVA melanoma tumors with KUN-GM-CSF particles resulted in substantial tumor regression and cure of more than 50% of treated animals [125].…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Replicating RNA Viruses for Vaccine Development Against Infectious Diseases and Cancer

Lundström¹

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Alphaviruses, flaviviruses, measles viruses and rhabdoviruses are enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses, which have been engineered as expression vector systems for recombinant protein expression and vaccine development. Due to the presence of non-structural genes encoding the replicase complex, a 200,000-fold amplification of viral RNA occurs in the cytoplasm of infected cells providing extreme transgene expression levels, which is why they are named self-replicating RNA viruses. Expression of surface proteins of pathogens causing infectious disease and tumor antigens provide the basis for vaccine development against infectious diseases and cancer. The self-replicating RNA viral vectors can be administered as replicon RNA, recombinant viral particles, or layered DNA/RNA replicons. Self-replicating RNA viral vectors have been applied for vaccine development against influenza virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, human papilloma virus, Ebola virus and recently coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2 the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Measles virus and rhabdovirus vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates have been subjected to clinical trials. Moreover, RNA vaccine candidates based on self-amplifying alphaviruses have also been evaluated in clinical settings. Various cancers such as brain, breast, lung, ovarian, prostate cancer and melanoma have also been targeted for vaccine development. Robust immune responses and protection have been demonstrated in animal models. Clinical trials have shown good safety and target-specific immune responses. Ervebo, the VSV-based vaccine against Ebola virus disease has been approved for human use.

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“…Therefore, it is probable that oncolytic vectors will have long-term application in the treatment of advanced melanoma not only as a monotherapy but as a part of combinatory therapies. [ 95 ].…”

Section: Combinatorial Approaches With Ovs In Melanoma Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Conventional Therapies to Immunotherapy: Melanoma Treatment in Review

Kuryk

Bertinato

Staniszewska

et al. 2020

Cancers

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In this review, we discuss the use of oncolytic viruses and checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy in melanoma, with a particular focus on combinatory therapies. Oncolytic viruses are promising and novel anti-cancer agents, currently under investigation in many clinical trials both as monotherapy and in combination with other therapeutics. They have shown the ability to exhibit synergistic anticancer activity with checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, radiotherapy. A coupling between oncolytic viruses and checkpoint inhibitors is a well-accepted strategy for future cancer therapies. However, eradicating advanced cancers and tailoring the immune response for complete tumor clearance is an ongoing problem. Despite current advances in cancer research, monotherapy has shown limited efficacy against solid tumors. Therefore, current improvements in virus targeting, genetic modification, enhanced immunogenicity, improved oncolytic properties and combination strategies have a potential to widen the applications of immuno-oncology (IO) in cancer treatment. Here, we summarize the strategy of combinatory therapy with an oncolytic vector to combat melanoma and highlight the need to optimize current practices and improve clinical outcomes.

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Viral Vector-Based Melanoma Gene Therapy

Cited by 19 publications

References 178 publications

Dendrimers as Non-Viral Vectors in Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy

Dendrimers as Non-Viral Vectors in Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy

Self-Replicating RNA Viruses for Vaccine Development Against Infectious Diseases and Cancer

From Conventional Therapies to Immunotherapy: Melanoma Treatment in Review

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