Viral strategies predisposing to respiratory bacterial superinfections

Rossi, Giovanni A.; Fanous, Hani; Colin, Andrew A.

doi:10.1002/ppul.24699

Cited by 40 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(311 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Vitamin D helps maintain tight junctions, gap junctions, and adherens junctions (e.g., by E-cadherin) [18]. Several articles discussed how viruses disturb junction integrity, increasing infection by the virus and other microorganisms [19][20][21].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Mechanisms To Reduce Microbial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increasing concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome; and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce the risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D 3 for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D 3 doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.

show abstract

Section: Vitamin D and Mechanisms To Reduce Microbial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Vitamin D functioning of immune system helps maintain tight junctions, gap junctions, and adherens junctions. Viral disease affects the junction integrity thereby increasing the rate of infections in the host (Rossi et al 2020 ). Deficiency of vitamin D may reduce 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels thereby affecting the host.…”

Section: Role Of Vitamin D To Fight Against Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of probiotics to combat viral infections with emphasis on COVID-19

Sundararaman

Ray

Ravindra

et al. 2020

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

145

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interspecies transmissions of viruses between animals and humans may result in unpredictable pathogenic potential and new transmissible diseases. This mechanism has recently been exemplified by the discovery of new pathogenic viruses, such as the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, Middle-East respiratory syndromecoronavirus epidemic in Saudi Arabia, and the deadly outbreak of Ebola in West Africa. The. SARS-CoV-2 causes coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), which is having a massive global impact in terms of economic disruption, and, above all, human health. The disease is characterized by dry cough, fever, fatigue, myalgia, and dyspnea. Other symptoms include headache, sore throat, rhinorrhea, and gastrointestinal disorders. Pneumonia appears to be the most common and severe manifestation of the infection. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific drug for COVID-19. Further, the development of new antiviral requires a considerable length of time and effort for drug design and validation. Therefore, repurposing the use of natural compounds can provide alternatives and can support therapy against COVID-19. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the prophylactic and supportive therapeutic role of probiotics for the management of COVID-19. In addition, the unique role of probiotics to modulate the gut microbe and assert gut homeostasis and production of interferon as an antiviral mechanism is described. Further, the regulatory role of probiotics on gut-lung axis and mucosal immune system for the potential antiviral mechanisms is reviewed and discussed. Key points • Gut microbiota role in antiviral diseases • Factors influencing the antiviral mechanism • Probiotics and Covid-19

show abstract

“…Furthermore, HCQ seems to inhibit important functional proteins for COVID-19 replication, with potency increasing in the series PLpro, 3CLpro, RdRp [ 21 ]. It has been reported that supplements with vitamin A, B, C, D, and E seems to have a beneficial effects in patients with viral infections as COVID-19 [ 2 , 22 – 25 ]. Within such a panorama, it is worth mentioning that vitamin D mitigates the scope of acquired immunity and regenerates the endothelial lining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Covid-19: an update on evidence and potential therapeutic implications

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The world is now experiencing its third major epidemic of coronavirus (CoV) infections began in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in late 2019 and named COVID-19. After an initial explosive outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in China, the disease spread first to neighboring Asian countries and then worldwide. Patients with COVID-19 presented with a constellation of symptoms such as fever, dry cough, dyspnea, sore throat, and nasal congestion and radiological findings showed bilateral lung glassy opacities. Vitamin D has many mechanisms by which it reduces the risk of microbial infection and death, including physical barrier, cellular natural immunity, and adaptive immunity. Vitamin D supplementation has shown favorable effects in viral infections including influenza and HIV. The effects of vitamin D supplementation during covid 19 infection remain controversial. Looking ahead, clinical studies are needed to define better cut offs for vitamin D levels and, finally, which dosage is the best.

show abstract

Viral strategies predisposing to respiratory bacterial superinfections

Cited by 40 publications

References 107 publications

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Role of probiotics to combat viral infections with emphasis on COVID-19

Vitamin D and Covid-19: an update on evidence and potential therapeutic implications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About