Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Children with Rhinovirus-Associated Illnesses

Sánchez-Códez, María Isabel; Moyer, Katherine; Benavente‐Fernández, Isabel; Leber, Amy; Ramilo, Octavio; Mejías, Asunción

doi:10.3390/v13020295

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It was reported that the patients co-infected with other respiratory viruses showed higher viral loads than those with HRV mono-infection [ 35 ], but it is not the case in our data. Also, the viral loads wasn’t correlated with the disease severity both in our study and other studies [ 36 , 37 ], while the rates of underlying diseases increased progressively with disease severity, suggesting that host factors bear important responsibility for the disease severity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Human rhinoviruses prevailed among children in the setting of wearing face masks in Shanghai, 2020

Jia

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the predominant etiological agent of the common cold in children and adults. A recent study showed that the inhibitory effect of face masks on viral shedding of HRV was less prominent than that on other respiratory viruses. Considering that most Chinese people have worn face masks in public area since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, we aimed to find out whether HRV prevailed among children in 2020 and demonstrate the details of the epidemiological features of HRV under such a special circumstance. Methods We summarized the incidences of various respiratory virus infections in patients who visited the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University during 2018–2020, and genotyped HRV positive nasopharyngeal specimens collected from 316 inpatients and 72 outpatients that visited the hospital in 2020. Results There was a major prevalence of HRV among children in the latter half of 2020, with a clear seasonality that HRV-As prevailed in summer while HRV-Cs in autumn. HRV-As were more prone to cause severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), while HRV-Cs were closely associated with childhood wheezing. The predominant genotypes were A11, A28, A47, A82, A101, C40 and C43. Notably, A21, A82 and A101 took up larger proportions in severe cases than in non-severe cases. Conclusions Our findings described a major prevalence of HRVs among children in 2020, which highlight the unique transmitting pattern of HRV and help to narrow the targets for antiviral strategies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 91%

Human rhinoviruses prevailed among children in the setting of wearing face masks in Shanghai, 2020

Jia

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

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“…To further investigate the viral load-associated factors, we collected the Ct values of HRV positive samples. It was reported that the patients co-infected with other respiratory viruses showed higher viral loads than those with HRV mono-infection [8], but it is not the case in our data (Fig 6A). Also, the viral loads didn't seem to be correlated with the disease severity (Fig 6B).…”

Section: Hrv Genotypes and Clinical Featurescontrasting

confidence: 85%

Human Rhinoviruses Prevailed Among Children in the Setting of Wearing Face Masks in Shanghai, 2020

Jia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the predominant etiological agent of the common cold in children and adults. A recent study showed that the inhibitory effect of face masks on viral shedding of HRV was less prominent than that on other respiratory viruses. Considering that most Chinese people have worn face masks in public area since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, we aimed to find out whether HRV prevailed among children in 2020 and demonstrate the details of the epidemiological features of HRV under such a special circumstance. Methods We summarized the incidences of various respiratory virus infections in patients who visited the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University during 2018~2020, and genotyped HRV positive nasopharyngeal specimens collected from 316 inpatients and 72 outpatients that visited the hospital in 2020. Results There was a major prevalence of HRV among children in the latter half of 2020, with a clear seasonality that HRV-As prevailed in summer while HRV-Cs in autumn. HRV-As were more prone to cause severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), while HRV-Cs were closely associated with childhood wheezing. The predominant genotypes were A11, A28, A47, A82, A101, C40 and C43. Notably, A21, A82 and A101 took up larger proportions in severe cases than in non-severe cases. Conclusions Our findings described a major prevalence of HRVs among children in 2020, which highlight the unique transmitting pattern of HRV and help to narrow the targets for antiviral strategies.

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“…RV species have different patterns of circulation. Infections occur all year round, but two peaks of infection are classically reported in northern hemisphere countries, the first between April and May, and the second between September and October [28,31]. RV-C could demonstrate a different trend, with a peak of infection during winter months [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…All these results reinforce the role of RV/EV in LRTI in a clinical scenario of a very young infant in whom this virus is found. RV viral load in the upper respiratory tract has been analysed as a potential biomarker to distinguish between symptomatic patients with respiratory viral infection and asymptomatic carriers of the virus, with heterogenous results [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Genus Enterovirus in Children Requiring Intensive Care: Clinical Manifestations and Impact of Viral Co-Infections

Penela‐Sánchez

González-de-Audicana

Armero

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Infection by rhinovirus (RV) and enterovirus (EV) in children ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). This cohort study evaluates the clinical impact of RV/EV species, alone or in codetection with other viruses, in young children with severe LRTI. Seventy-one patients aged less than 5 years and admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a reference children’s hospital with RV or EV (RV/EV) LRTI were prospectively included from 1/2018 to 3/2020. A commercial PCR assay for multiple respiratory pathogens was performed in respiratory specimens. In 22/71, RV/EV + respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was found, and 18/71 had RV/EV + multiple viral detections. Patients with single RV/EV detection required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) as frequently as those with RSV codetection, whereas none of those with multiple viral codetections required IMV. Species were determined in 60 samples, 58 being RV. No EV-A, EV-C, or EV-D68 were detected. RV-B and EV-B were only found in patients with other respiratory virus codetections. There were not any associations between RV/EV species and severity outcomes. To conclude, RV/EV detection alone was observed in young children with severe disease, while multiple viral codetections may result in reduced clinical severity. Differences in pathogenicity between RV and EV species could not be drawn.

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Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Children with Rhinovirus-Associated Illnesses

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Human rhinoviruses prevailed among children in the setting of wearing face masks in Shanghai, 2020

Human rhinoviruses prevailed among children in the setting of wearing face masks in Shanghai, 2020

Human Rhinoviruses Prevailed Among Children in the Setting of Wearing Face Masks in Shanghai, 2020

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection and Genus Enterovirus in Children Requiring Intensive Care: Clinical Manifestations and Impact of Viral Co-Infections

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