Viral load and genotypes of noroviruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic children in Southeastern Brazil

Genetic diversity of noroviruses in Brazil

“…These results are in agreement with prior studies published in other countries (Iritani et al 2010, Pang et al 2010 and Brazil (Barreira et al 2010. Three GII.4 variants were found circulating in Brazil, showing its breadth of diversity and distribution.…”

“…Global NoV analysis was performed by grouping the nucleotide sequences obtained in this study with all previous NoV VP1 region D sequences from Brazilian strains for which data was available on GenBank (Castilho et al 2006, Victoria et al 2007, Ferreira et al 2008, Barreira et al 2010. The data analysis showed a great diversity of NoV strains circulating in the country, including GI.2, GI.3, GI.6, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.8, GII.12, GII.14, GII.16 and GII.17.…”

“…GII.6 circulated in PE (Northeast Region), ES, MG, RJ and SP (Southeast Region) from 2003(Castilho et al 2006, Barreira et al 2010.…”

“…GI has been described as a genogroup that circulates to a lesser extent than GII (Castilho et al 2006, Victoria et al 2007, Barreira et al 2010. The evaluation of outbreaks that occurred in Japan during [2002][2003][2004][2005][2006] revealed that only one out of 12 outbreaks was caused by GI (Shinkawa et al 2008).…”

“…In Brazil, the impact of NoVs is underestimated. Diagnostic and epidemiologic data are obtained mainly from research institutions, which demonstrates the importance of NoVs in communities and hospitalized children (Gabbay et al 1994, Parks et al 1999, Gallimore et al 2004, Borges et al 2006, Soares et al 2007, Victoria et al 2007, Ferreira et al 2008, Xavier et al 2009, Barreira et al 2010. The aim of this study is to determine the NoV genotypes detected in different Brazilian states and to assess the genetic diversity of those viruses by raising NoV samples previously characterized.…”