Viral Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Europe, 1995–2000

Lopman, Ben; Reacher, Mark; Duijnhoven, Yvonne van; Hanon, F; Brown, David

doi:10.3201/eid0901.020184

Cited by 298 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(24 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

195

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…With the application of new and sensitive diagnostic techniques, human caliciviruses (HuCVs) have been recognised to be the leading cause of outbreaks of gastroenteritis in adults and an important cause of gastroenteritis in children in developed countries [Fankhauser et al, 1998;Lopman et al, 2003;Moreno-Espinosa et al, 2004]. However, little is known about the role of calicivirus in endemic pediatric gastroenteritis in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human caliciviruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in children in Vellore, South India

Monica

Ramani

Banerjee

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pediatric gastroenteritis is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. It has been increasingly recognised that human caliciviruses (HuCV), comprising noroviruses (NoV), and sapoviruses (SaV), are important in both outbreak and non-outbreak settings. This study aimed to characterise caliciviruses detected in the faeces of hospitalized children and children in the community in India. This study examined 350 faecal samples from children presenting to the hospital with acute gastroenteritis and 673 samples collected from children in the community, 500 from children with diarrhea, and 173 samples from children without diarrhea. Strain characterisation was performed by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and partial sequencing of the gene encoding the RNAdependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and/or a region spanning the open reading frames (ORFs) 1 and 2 (ORF1/ORF2) junction. A total of 68 of 350 specimens (19.4%) from hospitalized children were positive, and SaV and NoV accounted for 5.1 and 15.1% of the infections, respectively. Mixed infections of HuCVs with other enteric pathogens were seen in 9.4% of the total children tested. Sixty-eight out of 673 (10.1%) samples collected from children in the community were positive for caliciviruses, and SaV and NoV accounted for 3.4 and 6.6% of the infections. In the community cohort 55/500 (11%) and 13/173 (7.5%) were from symptomatic and asymptomatic children, respectively, and SaVs accounted for 17/500 (3.4%) and NoVs for 38/500 (7.6%) of the symptomatic infections. This is the first report of genotyping of circulating caliciviruses in both hospital and community in India and has increased the evidence for the role of these viruses in pediatric gastroenteritis in India.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human caliciviruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in children in Vellore, South India

Monica

Ramani

Banerjee

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Caliciviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis and have been associated with over 85% of nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks in Europe between 1995 and 2000 (11). The human caliciviruses, including the prototype Norwalk virus, have yet to be fully propagated in tissue culture, although recent results suggest that limited genome replication and encapsidation can occur using a vaccinia virus-driven expression system (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caliciviruses Differ in Their Functional Requirements for eIF4F Components

Chaudhry

Nayak

Bordeleau

et al. 2006

Journal of Biological Chemistry

129

199

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two classes of viruses, namely members of the Potyviridae and Caliciviridae, use a novel mechanism for the initiation of protein synthesis that involves the interaction of translation initiation factors with a viral protein covalently linked to the viral RNA, known as VPg. The calicivirus VPg proteins can interact directly with the initiation factors eIF4E and eIF3. Translation initiation on feline calicivirus (FCV) RNA requires eIF4E because it is inhibited by recombinant 4E-BP1. However, to date, there have been no functional studies carried out with respect to norovirus translation initiation, because of a lack of a suitable source of VPg-linked viral RNA. We have now used the recently identified murine norovirus (MNV) as a model system for norovirus translation and have extended our previous studies with FCV RNA to examine the role of the other eIF4F components in translation initiation. We now demonstrate that, as with FCV, MNV VPg interacts directly with eIF4E, although, unlike FCV RNA, translation of MNV RNA is not sensitive to 4E-BP1, eIF4E depletion, or foot-and-mouth disease virus Lb protease-mediated cleavage of eIF4G. We also demonstrate that both FCV and MNV RNA translation require the RNA helicase component of the eIF4F complex, namely eIF4A, because translation was sensitive (albeit to different degrees) to a dominant negative form and to a small molecule inhibitor of eIF4A (hippuristanol). These results suggest that calicivirus RNAs differ with respect to their requirements for the components of the eIF4F translation initiation complex.

show abstract

“…In the mid 1990's, a significant increase of NoV infection incidence was registered worldwide; the reasons for such elevation in virus activity are not fully understood. At the present time, noroviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in adults and dominant aetiological agents of acute enteric infections outbreaks, including foodborne infections (2,3). In paediatric patients noroviruses are also common cause of acute gastroenteritis second only to rotaviruses (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus Infection in Belarus: Occurrence and Molecular Epidemiology

Paklonskayal¹,

Amvrosieva²,

Dziadziulia³

et al. 2015

Cent Eur J Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYThe objective of the study is to analyze molecular epidemiologic surveillance for norovirus infection in Belarus over the past five years (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013). Laboratory diagnostics was carried out by RT-PCR in 684 patients. Two regions of norovirus genome, localized in RNA-polymerase and capsid protein genes, were used for phylogenetic analysis.Noroviruses were predominant causative agents in adults and second only to rotaviruses in children, they also prevailed among aetiological agents of outbreaks (66.7% of outbreaks). In 2009-2013, the major norovirus genotype was GII.4 (58.3% of all genotyped isolates). Genovariant GII.4 2006b circulated in 2009 and 2010, genovariant GII.4 2009 New Orleans -in 2010and 2012. In addition to GII.4, genotypes GII.6 (16.6%), GII.2 (4.1%), GII.3 (2.2%), and recombinant genotypes GII.g-GII.12 and GII.g-GII.1 (10.4% and 8.3%, respectively) circulated in Belarus.The findings indicate a significant contribution of noroviruses in development of sporadic morbidity and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in Belarus. Outbreaks or prominent increases of sporadic morbidity were mostly due to the emergence of a new genotype, or an epidemic genovariant.

show abstract

Viral Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Europe, 1995–2000

Cited by 298 publications

References 36 publications

Human caliciviruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in children in Vellore, South India

Human caliciviruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in children in Vellore, South India

Caliciviruses Differ in Their Functional Requirements for eIF4F Components

Norovirus Infection in Belarus: Occurrence and Molecular Epidemiology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About