Viral Gastroenteritis

Kapikian, Albert Z.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0036-4_11

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 539 publications

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“…Since then, the number of viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis has steadily increased. Thus, coronaviruses [13], picobirnaviruses [14–16], pestiviruses [17] and toroviruses [18], which produce diarrhea in animals, are emerging as causes of viral gastroenteritis in humans, according to several studies [19–21].…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses causing gastroenteritis

Wilhelmi¹,

Román

Sánchez-Fauquier

2003

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

319

222

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Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in humans worldwide. Viruses are recognized as important causes of this disease, particularly in children. Since the Norwalk virus was identified as a cause of gastroenteritis, the number of viral agents associated with diarrheal disease in humans has steadily increased. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years of age. Astrovirus, calicivirus and enteric adenovirus are also important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis. Other viruses, such as toroviruses, coronaviruses, picobirnaviruses and pestiviruses, are increasingly being identified as causative agents of diarrhea. In recent years, the availability of diagnostic tests, mainly immunoassays or molecular biology techniques, has increased our understanding of this group of viruses. The future development of a safe and highly effective vaccine against rotavirus could prevent, at least, cases of severe diarrhea and reduce mortality from this disease.

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses causing gastroenteritis

Wilhelmi¹,

Román

Sánchez-Fauquier

2003

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

319

222

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“…Rotaviruses are the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in infants and young children and some adult diarrheal disease. [ 8 – 11 ] Infection results in life-long protection from the acute disease although subclinical infections may occur and protection wane in the elderly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of human rotavirus subgroups and serotypes in children under five with acute gastroenteritis in a Saudi Hospital

Obeid

2011

J Fam Community Med

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Objectives:Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children. Currently, there is no published data on the prevalence of subgroups and serotypes of rotavirus in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The objectives of the present study were to assess the rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis and to assess the subgroups and serotypes of rotavirus in the Children and Maternity Hospital in Dammam, Eastern Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods:Children under 5 years of age with gastroenteritis attending the emergency rooms, or hospitalized in the pediatric wards of in the Children and Maternity Hospital in Dammam were included in the study (N=156). Laboratory diagnosis of rotavirus shedding was established using the novel rotavirus STAT-PAK immunochromatographical test. Subgroup and G-serotype of the positive stool specimens were analyzed by the ELISA method.Results and Conclusions:Using the novel immmunochromatographic assay, 37 samples were shown to be positive for rotavirus (23.7%). Subgroup I (serotype 2) was found to constitute 5.4% of the isolates and subgroup II (serotypes 1, 3 and 4) was found to constitute 56.7% of the isolates, whereas 37.8% were non-typeable. A survey of serotypes of rotavirus in the whole region as well as in the whole of Saudi Arabia will provide important information about the subgroups and groups of rotavirus in the community and may help in assessing the success of the rotavirus vaccine in the future.

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“…Coronaviruses (34,62), picobirnaviruses and picotrirnaviruses (35,96,174), pestiviruses (13,257), and toroviruses (17,18,251) are candidate diarrheal agents because they are associated with diarrheal illness in animals and have been found in the stools of humans with gastroenteritis. However, these viruses have not fulfilled the criteria needed to establish them as diarrheal agents in humans (134,148) and will not be considered further in this review. Non-group F adenoviruses and several enteroviruses (e.g., Coxsackie A and B viruses) are found in the stools of non-ill individuals with frequencies similar to those seen in ill individuals (148).…”

Section: Viral Causes Of Gastroenteritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Noncultivatable Gastroenteritis Viruses, the Human Caliciviruses

2001

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Gastroenteritis is one of the most common illnesses of humans, and many different viruses have been causally associated with this disease. Of those enteric viruses that have been established as etiologic agents of gastroenteritis, only the human caliciviruses cannot be cultivated in vitro. The cloning of Norwalk virus and subsequently of other human caliciviruses has led to the development of several new diagnostic assays. Antigen detection enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) using polyclonal hyperimmune animal sera and antibody detection EIAs using recombinant virus-like particles have supplanted the use of human-derived reagents, but the use of these assays has been restricted to research laboratories. Reverse transcription-PCR assays for the detection of human caliciviruses are more widely available, and these assays have been used to identify virus in clinical specimens as well as in food, water, and other environmental samples. The application of these newer assays has significantly increased the recognition of the importance of human caliciviruses as causes of sporadic and outbreak-associated gastroenteritis

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Viral Gastroenteritis

Cited by 11 publications

References 539 publications

Viruses causing gastroenteritis

Viruses causing gastroenteritis

Characterization of human rotavirus subgroups and serotypes in children under five with acute gastroenteritis in a Saudi Hospital

Diagnosis of Noncultivatable Gastroenteritis Viruses, the Human Caliciviruses

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