Viral Diseases of New World Camelids

Kapil, Sanjay; Yeary, Teresa J.; Evermann, James F.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.03.005

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…It is well known that camelid species are relatively healthy animals so evidences of infectious diseases are limited [39,40]. Earlier reports on viral infections of camelids produced two main classifications related to those which causing and those do not causing disease (nonpathogenic viral infections) [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural infection by H1-like influenza A virus in South American Camelids from Argentina: Serological evidences.

Barbieri¹,

Baumeister²,

Romero³

et al. 2017

JVHC

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Serum samples from wild and domestic South American Camelids (SAC) from Argentina, collected before ELISA using a recombinant H1-hemmaglutinin from a reference strain (HA0 PuertoRico/8/1934) was also conducted. Serum samples from Guanacos (126), vicugnas (21) and llamas (100) from Jujuy, Mendoza and Río Negro provinces were analyzed; no clinical signs of respiratory disease were detected, reason for which no nasal swabs were obtained. No seropositive reactors to H3N2 nor H3N8 variants were detected, nevertheless high incidence of Ab reactive to A(H1N1)pdm09 were found by HIA; results which were confirmed by ELISA.The Ab seropositive animals to H1-like IAV found in llamas from Jujuy, and Mendoza (2009) were 78% and 86% by HIA and ELISA, respectively. Thirty-seven samples taken over the three years from guanacos kept in captivity in Rio Negro showed 62% of seropositive animals, while wild guanacos from Mendoza sampled in 2010 showed 36% seropositive animals to H1-like IAV, by both techniques. Finally, wild vicugnas from Jujuy, Material and Methods Serum SamplesSerum samples (n = 247) from three SAC species living Then, sera were hemoadsorbed with 10 ul of guinea pig/ Statistical MethodsSerum samples with a HIA Ab titers > 1:40 were considered positive -i. e. evidence of infection with IAV.Serum samples with ELISA Ab titers to H1 HA0 ≥ 1:256were considered as positive sample using previous data and control samples [27]. ResultsDuring this study, blood samples from 247 SAC (Table 1) ence is marked using letters, same letter show no differences (KW, p<0.05, Tukey post hoc test). As positive control llama hyperimmunized with a Human Flu vaccines was included and plotted plotted in last place of serial data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural infection by H1-like influenza A virus in South American Camelids from Argentina: Serological evidences.

Barbieri¹,

Baumeister²,

Romero³

et al. 2017

JVHC

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“…8 Measurements were made with dedicated software. Cranial and caudal extents of the lungs were determined in transverse and sagittal images viewed side by side; caudomedial and caudolateral extents of the lungs were determined in dorsal plane images.…”

Section: Measurement Mean Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 However, differentiation among various forms of respiratory disease is difficult because of a variety of complicating factors. First, camelids generally have very few, if any, clinical signs associated with respiratory dysfunction until they are severely compromised.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic characterization of the pulmonary system in clinically normal alpacas

Cooley

Schlipf²,

Stieger‐Vanegas³

2013

ajvr

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“…13 Viral isolates from camelids have not completely matched those that infect other ruminants, and geographic location seems to be implicated in camelid disease in North America, as a majority of BVDV cases in camelids reported no contact of affected animals with cattle or sheep. 15 Immunohistochemistry may be performed on formalin-fixed tissues of an abortus as well. It is recommended that a BVDV screening program be put into effect, with no less than 10% or 15 animals in the herd tested.…”

Section: Bacterial Causes Of Abortionmentioning

confidence: 99%