Viral Contamination of Embryos Cryopreserved in Liquid Nitrogen

Bielański, A.; Nadin-Davis, Susan A.; Sapp, Theresa M.; Lutze-Wallace, Cyril

doi:10.1006/cryo.1999.2227

Cited by 282 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The high security closed vitrification system used in this study was selected due to the additional clinical benefit of reduced cross contamination risk whilst in storage compared to open systems. The CBS closed vitrification carrier has been successfully implemented clinically and due to evidence of crosscontamination of embryos within liquid nitrogen cryobanks, closed system vitrification will likely become standard due to more stringent risk management for long term storage of embryos [32,33]. Another additional important aspect of this study was the absence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the vitrification solutions via substitution with propanediol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow freezing and vitrification of mouse morula and early blastocysts

Zander-Fox

Lane

Hamilton

2013

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose To assess the relative success of morula and early blastocyst slow freezing and vitrification in regards to survival and implantation rates utilising protocols which could be clinically implemented as a viable alternative to expanded blastocyst stage freezing. Methods Mouse morula and early blastocysts were either slow frozen/thawed or vitrified/warmed. Their subsequent survival, blastocyst development and blastocyst cell number and allocation to either the inner cell mass, trophectoderm or epiblast was assessed. In addition blastocysts were also transferred to pseudopregnant recipients and implantation and fetal development was determined. Results Vitrification of both morula and early blastocysts resulted in significantly higher rates of survival and blastocyst development compared to slow freezing. In addition slow frozen early blastocysts had significantly reduced blastocyst cell number compared to control however vitrified morula and early blasocyts and slow frozen morula had equivocal blastocyst cell numbers. Transfer of blastocysts from both methods of cryopreservation resulted in similar implantation rates however the placentas created from slow frozen early blastocysts were significantly lighter than control (95.5 g±5.4 vs. 122.0 g±4.2 respectively). Conclusions Vitrification resulted in significantly higher rates of morula and early blastocyst survival and blastocyst development compared to slow freezing. In addition this study has validated the use of a closed DMSO free vitrification protocol which could then be investigated for use in the clinical setting as an alternative to expanded blastocyst freezing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow freezing and vitrification of mouse morula and early blastocysts

Zander-Fox

Lane

Hamilton

2013

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…It has been reported that sealed cryovials or straws are free from viral contamination, but that cryovials and straws that are not sealed, as well as OPS, have a risk of contamination (12). Liquid nitrogen freezers are not sterile, and both the liquid and vapor phases are potential sources of microbial contamination (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Pregnancy After the Vitrification of Zygotes Using Commercial Vitrification Solutions and Conventional Straws to Protect Against Infections in Liquid Nitrogen

Kumasako¹,

Kumon²,

Utsunomiya³

et al. 2005

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose : To report on successful birth after the transfer of postthawed human zygotes that were vitrified using a conventional straw for the purpose of protecting them from infections and a low-toxicity cryoprotectant that is commercially sold. Methods : A primary infertile couple presented at our IVF program. After being checked for fertilization, the embryos were not transferred to the uterus at that cycle. Instead, all of them were cryopreserved at the 2-pronuclei stage using our original vitrification method. After the vitrification and warming of four zygotes, two embryos were transferred into the uterus. Results : Twenty-one 2-pronuclei embryos were vitrified in liquid nitrogen. After 2 embryos were thawed and transferred, successful pregnancy was the outcome, and a healthy boy was born at term. Conclusions : Vitrification is a simple procedure and requires less time than slow freezing. Vitrification of zygotes in a conventional straw seems to be sufficient for viability and works to store the zygotes safely.

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“…There is evidence that frozen samples in hermetically sealed straws are not contaminated even if they are in contaminated containers with contaminated LN2 and LN2 does not contaminate infective biological samples that were frozen in a sealed container (13,14) (cryotube, straw, etc.). It is very important to disinfect and clean the container before filling it with LN2 (16).…”

Section: Cells and Tissue Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Problem of Contamination: Open vs. Closed vs. Semi-Closed Vitrification Systems

Scholz¹

2012

Current Frontiers in Cryopreservation

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Viral Contamination of Embryos Cryopreserved in Liquid Nitrogen

Cited by 282 publications

References 21 publications

Slow freezing and vitrification of mouse morula and early blastocysts

Slow freezing and vitrification of mouse morula and early blastocysts

Successful Pregnancy After the Vitrification of Zygotes Using Commercial Vitrification Solutions and Conventional Straws to Protect Against Infections in Liquid Nitrogen

The Problem of Contamination: Open vs. Closed vs. Semi-Closed Vitrification Systems

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