Viral contaminants of molluscan shellfish: detection and characterisation

Bosch, Albert; Pintó, Rosa M.; Guyader, Françoise S. Le

doi:10.1533/9781845695576.2.83

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…In this study we analyzed bivalves as bioindicators for environmental contamination of marine ecosystems. There are several routes by which viruses reach the sea, including direct discharge of treated or untreated sewage effluents, discharge by urban and rural run-off, waste input from ships, and through rivers when discharges take place in freshwaters (Bosch et al 2009). Humans can be exposed to viruses in seawaters mainly through the consumption of shellfish, or, less frequently, through recreational activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A and E Viruses in Wastewaters, in River Waters, and in Bivalve Molluscs in Italy

et al. 2015

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Several studies have reported the detection of hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) virus in sewage waters, indicating a possibility of contamination of aquatic environments. The objective of the present study was to assess the occurrence of HAV and HEV in different water environments, following the route of contamination from raw sewage through treated effluent to the surface waters receiving wastewater discharges . Bivalve molluscan shellfish samples were also analyzed, as sentinel of marine pollution. Samples were tested by RT-PCR nested type in the VP1/2A junction for HAV, and in the ORF1 and ORF2 regions for HEV. Hepatitis A RNA was detected in 12 water samples: 7/21 (33.3%) raw sewage samples, 3/21 (14.3%) treated sewage samples, and 2/27 (7.4%) river water samples. Five sequences were classified as genotype IA, while the remaining 7 sequences belonged to genotype IB. In bivalves, HAV was detected in 13/56 samples (23.2%), 12 genotype IB and one genotype IA. Whether the presence of HAV in the matrices tested indicates the potential for waterborne and foodborne transmission is unknown, since infectivity of the virus was not demonstrated. HEV was detected in one raw sewage sample and in one river sample, both belonging to genotype 3. Sequences were similar to sequences detected previously in Italy in patients with autochthonous HEV (no travel history) and in animals (swine). To our knowledge, this is the first detection of HEV in river waters in Italy, suggesting that surface water can be a potential source for exposure .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A and E Viruses in Wastewaters, in River Waters, and in Bivalve Molluscs in Italy

et al. 2015

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“…The application of such methods has provided a wealth of information about the environmental fate and distribution of NoV which would not otherwise have been available (34,35). However, challenges remain, particularly concerning the assessment of the viability of detected virus, the application of such methods to less-well-characterized environmental matrices such as seawater, sewage, and sediments, and the potential presence in samples of substances inhibitory to the PCR which can affect sensitivity and quantitation (38).…”

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confidence: 99%

Environmental Transmission of Human Noroviruses in Shellfish Waters

Campos

Lees

2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Human noroviruses (NoV) are the most common cause of epidemic gastroenteritis following consumption of bivalve shellfish contaminated with fecal matter. NoV levels can be effectively reduced by some sewage treatment processes such as activated sludge and membrane bioreactors. However, tertiary sewage treatment and substantial sewage dilution are usually required to achieve low concentrations of virus in shellfish. Most outbreaks have been associated with shellfish harvested from waters affected by untreated sewage from, for example, storm overflows or overboard disposal of feces from boats. In coastal waters, NoV can remain in suspension or associate with organic and inorganic matter and be accumulated by shellfish. Shellfish take considerably longer to purge NoV than fecal indicator bacteria when transferred from sewage-polluted estuarine waters to uncontaminated waters. The abundance and distribution of NoV in shellfish waters are influenced by the levels of sewage treatment, proximity of shellfish beds to sewage sources, rainfall, river flows, salinity, and water temperature. Detailed site-specific information on these factors is required to design measures to control the viral risk.

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“…It has been reported that most viruses are found in the highest concentrations in the stomach and digestive diverticula of shellfish [17] . Using these organs for virus analysis makes the isolation of viral nucleic acids easier and faster and also increases the sensitivity of the molecular test by increasing the number of shellfish analyzed [17,20] . Therefore, the digestive tissues were dissected for analysis under aseptic conditions and used for virus isolation.…”

Section: Shellfish Processing For Virus Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the ultimate objective would be the development of new procedures for shellfish analysis which result in a low volume of none-cytotoxic or highly pure nucleic acid preparation with no inhibitory effects to the PCR. Molecular techniques, especially RT-PCR, serve as excellent tools for the detection of health-significant viruses in food and environmental samples [17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midye ve Karideslerde Rotavirus, Adenovirus ve Astrovirus Varlığının Multiplex Real-time PCR Kullanılarak Araştırılması

Ghalyoun¹,

Alçay²

2018

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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A: Investigation of Rotavirus, Adenovirus and Astrovirus in mussels and shrimps using multiplex real-time PCR. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 24 (5): 761-767, 2018761-767, . DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2018 Abstract Viruses are one of the most common pathogens transmitted via food. Based on epidemiological evidence, human enteric viruses are considered to be as the most commonly transmitted etiological agents by bivalve shellfish. In Istanbul, the most widely consumed sea products after fish are mussels and shrimps. In this study, the presence of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus were investigated in mussel and shrimp samples consumed by hunting on the shores of Istanbul. For this purpose, a total of 28 groups of shrimp and 52 groups of mussel were collected from different places in Istanbul. Each group was analyzed separately as a sample. Viruses were extracted from the digestive tissue by direct elusion method in a glycine/NaCl, pH 9.5 buffer followed by PEG-6000 precipitation. Multiplex Real-time RT-PCR technique was used to analyze the shellfish samples. Astrovirus was found in 63.46% of the total 52 analyzed mussel samples, whereas adenovirus was found in 46.15%. None of the mussel samples was positive for rotavirus. All tested shrimp samples were negative for all three researched viruses. This is the first report on the prevalence of rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus in mussels and shrimps in Turkey. The results show that mussels sold in Istanbul are highly contaminated with adenovirus and astrovirus and this could pose a great threat to public health. Keywords: Mussel, Shrimp, Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Astrovirus, RT-PCR Midye ve Karideslerde Rotavirus, Adenovirus ve Astrovirus Varlığının Multiplex Real-time PCR Kullanılarak Araştırılması ÖzViruslar gıda vasıtasıyla en yaygın bulaşan patojenlerden biridir. Epidemiyolojik bulgulara göre insana ait enterik viruslar kabuklu deniz ürünleri vasıtasıyla en çok aktarılan etiyolojik ajan olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İstanbul'da balıktan sonra en çok tüketilen deniz ürünleri midye ve karidestir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul kıyılarında avlanarak tüketilen midye ve karides numunelerinde rotavirus, adenovirus ve astrovirus varlığı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla toplam 28 karides ve 52 midye grubu İstanbul'un farklı yerlerinden toplanmıştır. Her bir grup ayrı bir numune olarak analize alınmıştır. Viruslar glisin/NaCl, pH 9.5 tamponu kullanarak direkt elüsyon metodu ile doğrudan sindirim dokusundan ayrıştırılmış ve PEG-6000 ile konsantre edilmiştir. Alınan midye ve karides numuneleri Multiplex Real-time PCR yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Toplam çalışılan 52 midye numunesinin %46.15'inde adenovirus ve %63.46'sında astrovirus saptanmıştır. Rotavirus hiçbir midye numunesinde tespit edilmemiştir. Karides numunelerinin hiçbirinde araştırılan virusların hiçbiri saptanmamıştır. Bu, Türkiye'deki midyelerde ve karideslerde rotavirus, adenovirus ve astrovirus prevalansı hakkındaki ilk rapordur. Sonuçlar, İstanbul'da satılan midyelerin adenovirus ve astrovirus ile kontamine olduğunu ve bu durumun halk s...

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Viral contaminants of molluscan shellfish: detection and characterisation

Cited by 15 publications

References 133 publications

Hepatitis A and E Viruses in Wastewaters, in River Waters, and in Bivalve Molluscs in Italy

Hepatitis A and E Viruses in Wastewaters, in River Waters, and in Bivalve Molluscs in Italy

Environmental Transmission of Human Noroviruses in Shellfish Waters

Midye ve Karideslerde Rotavirus, Adenovirus ve Astrovirus Varlığının Multiplex Real-time PCR Kullanılarak Araştırılması

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