Viral agents associated with acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhea in Lanzhou, China

Yu, Jin; Cheng, Wei-xia; Xiong, Yijun; Jin, Miao; Zhang, Qing; Xu, Ziqian; Yu, Jie-mei; Zhu, Lin; Yang, Su–Hua; Liu, Na; Cui, Shu-xian; Fang, Zhao-Yin; Duan, Zhaojun

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2008.12.010

Cited by 62 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…RoV is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis world wide, the incidence of RoV gastroenteritis being higher than of Norovirus gastroenteritis (2,13). Studies in Asia have demonstrated RoV in 45%-66.7% of diarrheal cases (11,14,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypes of rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea

Park

Lee

et al. 2011

Microbiology and Immunology

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Acute viral gastroenteritis is one of the most common infectious diseases in infants and young children. Rotavirus is mainly important in childhood. The present study determined the detection rate, seasonality and G and P genotypes of rotaviruses in children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea in 2009. A total of 1,423 stool specimens were screened by ELISA for the presence of rotavirus antigens and the rotavirus-positive stools genotyped by RT-PCR. The G genotype was determined for 90% of samples (242/269) and the P genotype for 93.3% (251/269). During the study, 25 G-P combinations were detected with G1P[8] in 38.3% (n = 103) and G4P[6] in 5.9% (n = 16) cases. These data provided information on rotavirus in patients with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea and provided baseline data to motivate for the implementation of control measures for rotavirus disease. Key words gastroenteritis, G and P types, rotavirus.Rotaviruses are recognized as the major etiological agents among infants and young children, and are the leading cause of life-threatening diarrhoeal disease in many countries (1,2,3). The virus is a member of the family Reoviridae and its genome is composed of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA that encode for the six structural proteins that make up the virus particles (viral proteins [VPs]) and six nonstructural proteins (NSPs) (3). The outer capsid is composed of two proteins, glycoprotein VP7 and protease-sensitive VP4 that confer protective immunity (4). Thus, VP7 and VP4 are used to classify RoVs (3). Semi-nested PCR, based on type-specific primers, is used to determine G and P genotypes. As VP7 and VP4 genes can and do segregate independently, a dual typing system is necessary in order to characterize the strains of RoVs co-circulating during different seasons in different locations (4). It is generally accepted that at least 23 G types [4] and 32 P types (5) are known. Among them, G1-4 are common human genotypes, though increase in prevalence of G12 and G9 strains have been reported worldwide (6). Epidemiological studies have shown that four G (G1-G4) and three P (P[4], P [6], and P[8]) are the most frequent VP7 and VP4 types (7). The distribution of different G and P genotypes and RoV strains varies from country and area to area and, therefore, knowledge of the molecular epidemiology of RoVs in circulation is important in the effort to develop a suitable and efficacious vaccine (7). The aims of this study were to investigate the detection rate of RoV infections and the prevalence of the G and P genotypes of RoV strains detected in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea in 2009.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypes of rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea

Park

Lee

et al. 2011

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…In general, the severity of sapovirus gastroenteritis is milder than that for rotavirus and norovirus (Table 5) (185,186,191). Gastroenteritis symptoms are usually self-limiting, and patients usually recover within a couple of days; however, the symptoms, severity, and duration of disease are dependent on the individual, and sapovirus infection sometimes leads to hospitalization (22,152,167,(193)(194)(195)(196)(197)(198)(199)(200)(201)(202)(203)(204)(205)(206)(207)(208)(209). Mortality is rare, but it was reported from outbreaks that occurred in a long-term-care facility for the elderly (104).…”

Section: Symptoms and Severity Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review of Human Sapoviruses

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Sapoviruses cause acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. They belong to the genus Sapovirus within the family Caliciviridae . They infect and cause disease in humans of all ages, in both sporadic cases and outbreaks. The clinical symptoms of sapovirus gastroenteritis are indistinguishable from those caused by noroviruses, so laboratory diagnosis is essential to identify the pathogen. Sapoviruses are highly diverse genetically and antigenically. Currently, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays are widely used for sapovirus detection from clinical specimens due to their high sensitivity and broad reactivity as well as the lack of sensitive assays for antigen detection or cell culture systems for the detection of infectious viruses. Sapoviruses were first discovered in 1976 by electron microscopy in diarrheic samples of humans. To date, sapoviruses have also been detected from several animals: pigs, mink, dogs, sea lions, and bats. In this review, we focus on genomic and antigenic features, molecular typing/classification, detection methods, and clinical and epidemiological profiles of human sapoviruses.

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“…The positive singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) family Astroviridae consists of two genera, Avastrovirus and Mamastrovirus, known to infect avian and mammalian hosts, respectively. Human astroviruses are transmitted through the fecal-oral route and have been associated with gastroenteritis (13,26,29,32,39,91). Several new human astroviruses have recently been described (24,25,44).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage

Marine

Wang

et al. 2012

J Virol

242

213

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g Deep sequencing of untreated sewage provides an opportunity to monitor enteric infections in large populations and for highthroughput viral discovery. A metagenomics analysis of purified viral particles in untreated sewage from the United States (San Francisco, CA), Nigeria (Maiduguri), Thailand (Bangkok), and Nepal (Kathmandu) revealed sequences related to 29 eukaryotic viral families infecting vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants (BLASTx E score, <10 ؊4 ), including known pathogens (>90% protein identities) in numerous viral families infecting humans (Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Reoviridae), plants (Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Partitiviridae, Sobemovirus, Secoviridae, Tombusviridae, Tymoviridae, Virgaviridae), and insects (Dicistroviridae, Nodaviridae, and Parvoviridae). The full and partial genomes of a novel kobuvirus, salivirus, and sapovirus are described. A novel astrovirus (casa astrovirus) basal to those infecting mammals and birds, potentially representing a third astrovirus genus, was partially characterized. Potential new genera and families of viruses distantly related to members of the single-stranded RNA picorna-like virus superfamily were genetically characterized and named Picalivirus, Secalivirus, Hepelivirus, Nedicistrovirus, Cadicistrovirus, and Niflavirus. Phylogenetic analysis placed these highly divergent genomes near the root of the picorna-like virus superfamily, with possible vertebrate, plant, or arthropod hosts inferred from nucleotide composition analysis. Circular DNA genomes distantly related to the plantinfecting Geminiviridae family were named Baminivirus, Nimivirus, and Niminivirus. These results highlight the utility of analyzing sewage to monitor shedding of viral pathogens and the high viral diversity found in this common pollutant and provide genetic information to facilitate future studies of these newly characterized viruses.

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Viral agents associated with acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhea in Lanzhou, China

Cited by 62 publications

References 29 publications

Genotypes of rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea

Genotypes of rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in Seoul, Korea

Comprehensive Review of Human Sapoviruses

High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage

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