Violent Crime in Latin American Cities

Abstract

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The Influence of Government Effectiveness and Corruption on the High Levels of Homicide in Latin America

“…However, over the last twenty years, there have been many improvements in inequality and income distribution across Latin America (Ocampo and Vallejo 2012). Over this period, the Gini coefficient (a measure of inequality) reduced by almost ten percent from 0.542 to 0.486 in the region, yet homicide rates increased (Bergman 2018;Vilalta et al 2016). Examined more specifically in relation to certain countries in the region, Brazil and Mexico have experienced periods of economic growth and decreasing income inequality, but high levels of homicide have persisted.…”

Testing Broken Windows Theory in Mexico City

“…Previous studies have shown that signs of disorder are correlated with concentrated disadvantage (Gau and Pratt, 2010;Sampson and Raudenbush, 2004;Wilcox et al, 2004). Measures of neighborhood disadvantage (e.g., poverty, unemployment, family income, literacy, welfare) and neighborhood instability (e.g., residential mobility and divorciality) have been associated to spatial variations of homicide (Akins, Rumbaut, and Stansfield, 2009;Barata et al, 1998;Berezin et al, 2017;Boessen and Hipp, 2015;Ferrandino, 2018;Hannon, 2005;Kubrin and Weitzer, 2003;Larsen et al, 2017;Mancik, Parker, and Williams, 2018;Mares, 2010;Nieuwbeerta et al, 2008;Ousey, 2006;Parker and McCall, 1999;Pereira, Mota, and Andresen, 2017;Santos, Barcellos, and Sacarvalho, 2006;Strom and MacDonald, 2016;Suresh and Vito, 2009;Vilalta, Castillo, and Torres, 2016;Vilalta and Fondevila, 2019;Vilalta and Muggah, 2014).…”

“…Entertainment venues, bars, and restaurants correlate with more homicide (Ceccato, Haining, and Kahn, 2007;Henderson et al, 2005;Hohl et al, 2017;Sparks, 2011;Swart, Seedat, and Nel, 2018;Vilalta, Castillo, and Torres, 2016). One study though, focusing on the "nighttime economy" of Australia, finds that homicides are not concentrated around drinking and leisure districts, but evenly spread out across suburban, small town, and rural and regional areas (Tomsen and Payne, 2016).…”

Presentación

“…En Delitos violentos en ciudades de América Latina (Vilalta et al, 2016), el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo señala cuatro factores estructurales que contribuyen a la violencia en las ciudades latinoamericanas. Los mismos son: i) penurias económicas; ii) inestabilidad residencial; iii) desintegración familiar y; iv) consumo de alcohol.…”