VIOLÊNCIA DE GÊNERO: expressões e vivências de mulheres brasileiras migrantes em Portugal

Abstract

O artigo traz considerações sobre a violência de gênero tendo em vista a apreensão de suas expressões e vivências em mulheres brasileiras que se encontram na condição de migrantes residentes em Portugal. Com base em aportes teóricos, documentais e empíricos, subsidiados por um estudo de caso realizado de janeiro a dezembro de 2019, discute o complexo fenômeno da migração e os desafios que imprime para as mulheres, dado que depende de uma série de condições materiais e sociais concretas, cujas ausências conformam obstáculos para acessar direitos básicos, ao mesmo tempo em que pode expô-las a violações que ferem a dignidade humana e configuram violências de gênero. Conclui que a condição de imigrante, sob determinadas circunstâncias nas quais se incluem pertenças como gênero, etnia/cultura, classe social, podem contribuir para violências de gênero que faz das mulheres vítimas recorrentes.Palavras-chave: Violências. Gênero. Mulheres. Migração.

Violent intimate relationships of Brazilian women in Portugal

“…In Portugal, trafficking victims for the purpose of sexual exploitation were, in 2018, mostly from Brazil (Internal Security System, 2018). The study by Dias and Ramos (2019) on the expressions and experiences of gender violence in immigrant Brazilian women also por-trays this double condition of fragility, by reporting that 90.0% of these women have already suffered violence because they are women and immigrants.…”

“…Several studies have concluded that Brazilian women in Portugal are particularly vulnerable to preconception, discrimination, racism, and sexism experiences, which come in forms of violent and unwanted physical sexual investments (Campos et al, 2018;Oliveira Assis, 2020;Dias & Ramos, 2019), both at public and private places (Piper et al, 2017;Premji & Shakya, 2017), that threaten, disturb, and intimidate these women, affecting their well-being and their sense of belonging to the Portuguese community (França & Padilla, 2018).…”

“…The barriers to access to health, justice, education, social services and/or labour market (International Organization for Migration, 2022), and the lack of knowledge regarding the functioning of specialized services, their rights, and the phenomena of gender violence itself, leads to victims not seeking help or medical assistance (Dias & Ramos, 2019; Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, 2009). Also, cultural barriers, isolation, insecurity, fear of being deported or lose their children, economic dependence, family and social exposure to violence, and shame prevent them from reporting the violence suffered or abandoning the abusive relationship (Dias et al, 2013;Duarte & Oliveira, 2012).…”

“…About half of the participants (51.3%, n = 20) who are, or were victims of intimate partner violence in Portugal and in Brazil, reported that they did not reach for help. The lack of knowledge about the functioning of support services or about the actual gender violence phenomena (Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, 2009), the lack of knowledge about their rights through existing legislation in Portugal or Brazil, the fear and shame that the testimony given would not be considered reliable due to lack of evidence or the fear of being deported to their countries of origin (Dias & Ramos, 2019) can explain the fact that these women do not search for support and/or make formal complaints against their perpetuators.…”