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Resumo Este estudo visou traduzir, adaptar e verificar evidências de validade da Escala de Crenças sobre Violência Conjugal (ECVC), bem como investigou diferenças nos índices de concordância com crenças legitimadoras de violência conjugal, considerando as variáveis gênero, escolaridade e possuir filhos. Os participantes foram adultos brasileiros (N = 1.337), maiores de 18 anos, sendo 66,34% pertencentes ao gênero feminino e 33,65% masculino. Foram realizadas análises fatoriais confirmatórias e exploratórias, e análise de comparação das médias através de uma ANOVA. Os 25 itens da escala apresentaram cargas fatoriais superiores a 0,46. A versão brasileira da escala apresentou estrutura unidimensional. Foi observado que os três indicadores utilizados para avaliar a consistência interna apresentaram valores satisfatórios. Por fim, identificou-se que participantes do gênero masculino, com menor escolaridade e com filhos apresentaram maior concordância com crenças legitimadoras de violência conjugal. Os resultados encontrados reforçam as qualidades psicométricas da escala indicando sua aplicabilidade.
Resumo Este estudo visou traduzir, adaptar e verificar evidências de validade da Escala de Crenças sobre Violência Conjugal (ECVC), bem como investigou diferenças nos índices de concordância com crenças legitimadoras de violência conjugal, considerando as variáveis gênero, escolaridade e possuir filhos. Os participantes foram adultos brasileiros (N = 1.337), maiores de 18 anos, sendo 66,34% pertencentes ao gênero feminino e 33,65% masculino. Foram realizadas análises fatoriais confirmatórias e exploratórias, e análise de comparação das médias através de uma ANOVA. Os 25 itens da escala apresentaram cargas fatoriais superiores a 0,46. A versão brasileira da escala apresentou estrutura unidimensional. Foi observado que os três indicadores utilizados para avaliar a consistência interna apresentaram valores satisfatórios. Por fim, identificou-se que participantes do gênero masculino, com menor escolaridade e com filhos apresentaram maior concordância com crenças legitimadoras de violência conjugal. Os resultados encontrados reforçam as qualidades psicométricas da escala indicando sua aplicabilidade.
Domestic violence is a worldwide crime recognized as a severe violation of Human Rights, which includes Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). The studies remark that the asymmetries in the social relations between men and women result in domination dynamics. Thus, this study analyzed the relationship between gender and IPV beliefs in the general population, university students, and healthcare/safety/justice professionals by comparing IPV legitimization between men and women and with age. The sample was composed by 3413 Portuguese participants, 1551 men (45.4%) and 1826 women (54.6%), aged 18 to 100 (M = 37.97; SD = 18.09), 1936 participants from the general population (56.7%), 866 university students [e.g., healthcare students] (25.4%) and 611 healthcare/safety/justice professionals [e.g., doctors, psychologists, police officers, lawyers] (17.9%). The sample filled out the Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence (ECVC), a self-report scale on beliefs about IPV. Results confirmed our hypothesis that men have significantly higher levels of IPV legitimization than women. In accordance with our second hypothesis, significant positive correlations were found between age and IPV beliefs. As age increases, older people tend to be more tolerant of IPV, and young people tend to be less endorsing such IPV beliefs. Finally, we found the hypothesis that university students and healthcare/safety/justice professionals have lower levels of beliefs compared with other participants in the general population. Findings show that we need to work hard with the social evolution in men’s and women’s beliefs on IPV, reinforcing the importance of targeting IPV prevention by gender and age in the general population but also in students and professionals.
The Istanbul Convention stands out as a crucial and pioneering tool in addressing gender-based violence (GBV) and violence against women (VAW) within the European context. Recognizing the significance of police responses to such violence, this qualitative study aims to analyze and comprehend the implementation of police officers' responses to intimate partner violence in Portugal, while considering the principles outlined in the Istanbul Convention. Thirteen interviews (M = 46; S.D. = 13.3) were conducted with professionals involved in police response, evenly distributed across Portugal. The objective was to explore their experiences in providing responses to intimate and GBV, which were then scrutinized against the recommendations outlined in the Group of Experts' Report to Combat Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence. The findings revealed a significant gap in knowledge among first-line response personnel regarding the phenomenon. While the establishment of specialized groups within the police force, such as the Investigation and Support Centers for Specific Victims (NIAVE), was viewed as an important and positive resource, it was deemed insufficient due to heavy workloads, resulting in the prioritization of higher-risk cases. Despite the implementation of a risk assessment instrument, there was a notable lack of understanding among professionals regarding its application. The investigation yielded several recommendations for enhancing these responses, including a substantial investment in training for police responses to GBV and bolstering the capacity of NIAVE to ensure effective management of all domestic violence (DV) cases.
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