Viola chelmea and Viola jooi (Violaceae), new species for the flora of Serbia and their distribution in the Balkan Peninsula and the Carpathians

Out of ca. 700 species belonging to Silene, 15 to 35 were classified in S. sect. Saxifragoideae. This section has its highest diversity on the Balkan Peninsula, which was the most important European Pleistocene refugium. The most widespread of the species is S. saxifraga ranging from the Pyrenees to the Carpathians. Together with ten morphologically similar taxa it is often treated as the S. saxifraga group, but the relationships among the taxa are unclear and blurred due to the occurrence of transitional forms. In this study, we used sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the plastid rps16 intron as well as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among the taxa belonging to—or hypothesized to be closely related to—S. sect. Saxifragoideae, covering the section’s entire geographical range. Phylogenetic analyses of 112 populations belonging to 33 taxa clarified previous classifications and showed that S. cephallenia, S. congesta, S. linoides, S. multicaulis, S. schwarzenbergeri and S. waldsteinii are clearly differentiated from all other taxa, which in turn form the newly circumscribed S. saxifraga group. Phylogenetic relationships within the latter are unresolved, and are governed by geographic proximity rather than by taxonomic identity. This is likely a result of recent rapid radiation and range expansion, as well as of convergent morphological evolution triggered by similar environmental selection pressures. The southern parts of the Balkan Peninsula are the centre of genetic diversity of the group, underlining the area’s importance as a sanctuary of diversification of European biota.

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“…(Nikolić, 2015) and Viola chelmea Boiss. (Niketić & al., 2015) have their northern distribution limit in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling relationships among the members of the Silene saxífraga alliance (Caryophyllaceae): Phylogenetic structure is geographically rather than taxonomically segregated

Đurović

Schönswetter

Niketić³

et al. 2017

TAXON

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“…Viola jooi Janka is a rare species with a narrow distribution range, encompassing mainly the Eastern and Southern Carpathians in Romania. Outside Romania, a single site was reported from Serbia (Homoljske Planine Mts, Southern Carpathians) and two sites from Ukraine (Niketić et al, 2015). The Ukrainian sites are situated in the Pokuttia historical region near Chortovets and Harasymiv villages (Shelyag-Sosonko et al, 1980;Didukh, 2009), about 130 km north of the nearest sites in north-eastern Romania (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species is classified as vulnerable in the Red Data Book of Ukraine (Didukh, 2009) and as rare in the Romanian red list (Oltean et al, 1994). Its estimated threat status in Serbia is critically endangered species (Niketić et al, 2015). Habitats of the species in Ukraine include mainly gypsum outcrops with steppe grassland vegetation dominated by Carex humilis, Helictotrichon desertorum and Sesleria heuflerana, where it is accompanied by other rare ecological specialists such as Draba podolica (Schivereckia podolica) and Thalictrum petaloideum (incl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine

Roleček¹,

Dřevojan²

2019

Ukr. Bot. J.

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Here we report the third extant site of Viola jooi in Ukraine. The species was found on an open calcareous scree in the valley of the Tlumach stream near Ostrynia village (Tlumach District, Ivano-Frankivsk Region). Vegetation of the scree may be classified to a broadly circumscribed alliance Stipion calamagrostis or to its east-central European counterpart Teucrion montani (class Thlaspietea rotundifolii). Moreover, our survey of Ukrainian and Polish herbaria revealed several specimens collected during the 1930s at two sites not yet mentioned in the literature, with one of the sites situated near our newly found site. We see a need for a thorough field survey of the historical, extant and other suitable sites of the species in the area of its present distribution in the Ukraine. Despite the new finds, Viola jooi remains one of the rarest relicts of the ancient heliophilous flora of the Volyn-Podolian Upland, pointing to its peri-Alpidic biogeographical affinities. Conservation priorities should be in line with this status.

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“…Subendemics of SouthEastern Carpathians: 1) Crocus banaticus (Chornohora, Marmarosh); 2) Swertia punctata (Chornohora, Marmarosh); 3) Viola jo (in the mountain regions it is absent but sometimes occurs in adjacent lowlands [5,10,11]; not indexed).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic Plants of the Ukrainian Carpathians in Karel Domin’s Card Index

Novikov¹

2018

VLUBS

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Karel Domin was a famous Czech botanist of the beginning of 20th century, significantly contributed to investigations of the flora of Carpathian region. Apart from huge herbarium collection and number of published scientific papers, he left for progenies the card index indicating the distribution of different plant taxa on the territory of former Czechoslovakia. This card index was developed during the preparation of determination key of plants of Czechoslovakia and currently it is hosted at the Institute of Botany CAS in Průhonice (Czech Republic). Another outstanding botanist, Ján Futák made a copy of that part of Domin's card index, which represented taxa distributed in Slovakia region (inclu ding the Podkarpatská Rus region currently belonging to Ukraine) and deposited this copy at the Institute of Botany SAS in Bratislava (Slovakia). In February 2018 I had a pleasure to work with Domin's card index hosted in Bratislava. I had gathered from there the data about distribution of endemic plant taxa in flora of the Ukrainian Carpathians. These data are important source of information for further biogeographical studies since they allow evaluating and simulating the patterns of spatial distribution. In total I elaborated and digitized 336 cards for 55 endemic plant taxa distributed in the Ukrainian Carpathians and built the database containing 1674 entries with implication of the main phytogeographical units. In this index I had also found cited localities from some regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians that have never been mentioned in Ukrainian papers before and generally were overlooked by scientists. In particular, Heracleum sphondylium subsp. transsilvanicum was rediscovered for Marmarosh and Svydovets (before it was cited only for Chornohora and Chyvchyny), Koeleria macrantha subsp. transsilvanica was rediscovered for Marmarosh (there were no details about distribution of this taxon in theUkrainian Carpathians before), Noccaea dacica was rediscovered for Cornohora (before it was cited only for Svydovets), Oxytropis carpatica was rediscovered for Chorhohora, Scorzoneroides pseudotaraxaci was rediscovered for Chornohora and Gryniava (before it was cited only for Svydovets), and Trifolium sarosiense was rediscovered for Chornohora and Svydovets (there were no details about distribution of this taxon in the Ukrainian Carpathians before). Hence, in the Ukrainian Carpathians occur at least 76 endemic and subendemic taxa, and three more taxa (Dianthus spiculifolius, Leucanthemopsis alpina and Trisetum macrotrichum) are most probably absent in this region.

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Viola chelmea and Viola jooi (Violaceae), new species for the flora of Serbia and their distribution in the Balkan Peninsula and the Carpathians

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Disentangling relationships among the members of the Silene saxífraga alliance (Caryophyllaceae): Phylogenetic structure is geographically rather than taxonomically segregated

Disentangling relationships among the members of the Silene saxífraga alliance (Caryophyllaceae): Phylogenetic structure is geographically rather than taxonomically segregated

New data on distribution of the endangered species Viola jooi (Violaceae) in Ukraine

Endemic Plants of the Ukrainian Carpathians in Karel Domin’s Card Index

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