Vinegar Intake Enhances Flow-Mediated VasodilatationviaUpregulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity

Effects of Acute and Chronic Boysenberry Intake on Blood Pressure and Endothelial Function in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats

“…The p values for aortic P-eNOS levels in BJ, BJV, AA, and PPh intake groups compared with control were ,0.01, ,0.01, 0.127, and 0.03, respectively. Sakakibara et al reported that AA upregulated eNOS activity through enhancement of phosphorylation of Ser-1177 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (11). However, rats administered AA in this study did not show significant enhancement of aortic P-eNOS activity.…”

“…In Japan, rice vinegar has long been an important food ingredient and is thought to be healthful, particularly for preventing hypertension. The component that is clinically active in mediating this effect was found to be acetic acid (AA), which exerts a lowering effect on BP via the renin-angiotensin system in SHR (10) and enhances flow-mediated vasodilation via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation (11). Vinegar-containing beverages have now been approved by the Japanese government as foods for specified health uses (FOSHU) with demonstrated risk reduction effects on hypertension (12).…”

Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Effects of Water-Soluble Proanthocyanidins from Persimmon Leaf Tea in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

“…Sakakibara et al reported that acetate induced eNOS phosphorylation in a biphasic manner, most likely via cAMP-dependent protein kinase (the early phase) and AMP-activated protein kinase (the late phase) in HUVECs. 25) Persimmon leaf PAs might also activate not only Akt but also other types of intracellular signaling.…”

AMPK activation—protean potential for boosting healthspan

“…This likely reflects the fact that the initial step of acetate metabolism, in which acetate is phosphorylated, generates AMP in the process. Vinegar-mediated activation of AMPK has indeed been demonstrated in the liver of vinegar-fed rats, and in human endothelial cells in vitro (Kondo et al 2009b;Sakakibara et al 2006Sakakibara et al , 2010Li et al 2013). This effect will presumably be more transitory than that of AMPKactivating drugs, as acetate is rapidly oxidized following ingestion.…”

“…In light of the favorable impact of metformin on weight control, it is interesting to note that vinegar administration suppresses weight gain in rats fed a highfat diet and aids glycemic control in diabetic mice; (Kondo et al 2009b;Sakakibara et al 2006) moreover, in a placebo-controlled clinical trial, obese subjects ingesting 15-30 ml vinegar daily achieved modest but statistically significant weight loss compared to those receiving placebo vinegar (Kondo et al 2009a). Moreover, in post-menopausal women, vinegar administration boosts flow-mediated vasodilation, an effect likely attributable to AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of eNOS (Sakakibara et al 2010). Regular vinegar use may modestly improve glycemic control in human diabetics, and inclusion of vinegar in meals acutely lowers the postprandial glucose response, apparently by slowing the absorption of starch or polysaccharides Ostman et al 2005;Johnston et al 2010).…”