Villous motility: Relationship to lymph flow and blood flow in the dog jejunum

Womack, W. A.; Tygart, Phillip K.; Mailman, David; Kvietys, Peter R.; Granger, D. Neil

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(88)90556-2

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These workers concluded that villi would be in a turgid state as a result of absorbed fluid, the resultant interstitial pressure being opposed by tension of interstitial fibres and smooth muscle cells [10], [36] within and at the bases of these structures. Such turgor would render the villous shaft resistant to bending [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, fluid mechanical simulations show that these actions cause fluid to be alternately expressed from and drawn into the intervillous spaces from alternate crowding and separation of villous tips, augmenting peripheral mixing and dispersion of luminal contents [6]. This mechanism is more parsimonious than one that requires coordinated endogenous contraction of groups of villi [7], [8], [9], [10] to induce such movement of fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Villous Rigidity in the Distal Ileum of the Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

et al. 2014

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We investigated the passive mechanical properties of villi in ex vivo preparations of sections of the wall of the distal ileum from the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) by using a flow cell to impose physiological and supra-physiological levels of shear stress on the tips of villi. We directly determined the stress applied from the magnitude of the local velocities in the stress inducing flow and additionally mapped the patterns of flow around isolated villi by tracking the trajectories of introduced 3 µm microbeads with bright field micro particle image velocimetry (mPIV). Ileal villi were relatively rigid along their entire length (mean 550 µm), and exhibited no noticeable bending even at flow rates that exceeded calculated normal physiological shear stress (>0.5 mPa). However, movement of villus tips indicated that the whole rigid structure of a villus could pivot about the base, likely from laxity at the point of union of the villous shaft with the underlying mucosa. Flow moved upward toward the tip on the upper portions of isolated villi on the surface facing the flow and downward toward the base on the downstream surface. The fluid in sites at distances greater than 150 µm below the villous tips was virtually stagnant indicating that significant convective mixing in the lower intervillous spaces was unlikely. Together the findings indicate that mixing and absorption is likely to be confined to the tips of villi under conditions where the villi and intestinal wall are immobile and is unlikely to be greatly augmented by passive bending of the shafts of villi.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Villous Rigidity in the Distal Ileum of the Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

et al. 2014

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“…If we include the observations (Womack et al, 1988), which suggest that villous motility (frequency) is increased by a myogenic response to an increased intravillous fluid pressure, and if we think in terms of stretchsensitive, contractile pacemaker cells, it seems that there is a very good case for a mechanism basically similar to the one that may be operative in the muscularis-only, we will have to reverse Gü ldner's order of events: rather than having the villous smooth muscle cells initiating the events, the network of intravillous myofibroblasts would be spontaneously, and rhythmically contracting 19 (like ICC) and would be the primary sensors of stretch due to dilation of interstices, responding by increased contraction frequency to increased rates of fluid transport.…”

Section: Quently the Vessels And The Intercellular Spaces Are Squeezmentioning

confidence: 99%

One hundred years of interstitial cells of Cajal

Thuneberg

1999

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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“…Individual villi contract 0–15 times/min, at a frequency that decreases along the gradient from the duodenum to the terminal ileum [8]. Although villar shortening during contraction has not been measured, published videomicroscopic images [9]suggest a dramatic decrease. The frequency of villous motility is also regulated by input by neurohumoral and luminal factors.…”

Section: Physical Forces Acting Upon the Intestinal Mucosa During Normentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure of the villi to amino acids or fatty acids increases contractile frequency by 30–50 and 90% respectively [8]. Water absorption and vagal stimulation also correlate with increased villus motility, while vagotomy and sympathetic stimulation inhibit it [9, 10]. Bile salts modulate the lipid effects [11].…”

Section: Physical Forces Acting Upon the Intestinal Mucosa During Normentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradigms for Mechanical Signal Transduction in the Intestinal Epithelium

Basson¹

2003

Digestion

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Diverse physical forces including deformation or strain, pressure, and shear stress affect the intestinal mucosa during normal function, and mucosal biology is altered in pathological states in which these forces alter. Taken together with evidence in other tissues and cell types that physical forces can affect cell biology, this has led to the hypothesis that repetitively applied physical forces can initiate intracellular signals that alter intestinal epithelial proliferation and phenotype. This review outlines the nature of such forces and summarizes in vivo and in vitro evidence in support of the paradigm that repetitive force is trophic for the intestinal mucosa via a complex cascade of intracellular signals.

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Villous motility: Relationship to lymph flow and blood flow in the dog jejunum

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Determination of Villous Rigidity in the Distal Ileum of the Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

Determination of Villous Rigidity in the Distal Ileum of the Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

One hundred years of interstitial cells of Cajal

Paradigms for Mechanical Signal Transduction in the Intestinal Epithelium

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