Viewpoints, formalisms, languages, and tools for cyber-physical systems

Broman, David; Lee, Edward A.; Tripakis, Stavros; Törngren, Martin

doi:10.1145/2508443.2508452

Cited by 61 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(27 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A survey dating from 2006 can be found in [11], and a description of the mapping between formalisms, languages, and tools can be found in [9]. There have been numerous developments in the field, including many others, e.g., [3,4,10,50,51].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid co-simulation: it’s about time

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Model-based design methodologies are commonly used in industry for the development of complex cyber-physical systems (CPSs). There are many different languages, tools, and formalisms for model-based design, each with its strengths and weaknesses. Instead of accepting some weaknesses of a particular tool, an alternative Communicated by Prof. J. Sztipanovits, M. Broy, and H. Daembkes. This work is partially based on previous work published by the authors [7,8,15] is to embrace heterogeneity, and to develop tool integration platforms and protocols to leverage the strengths from different environments. A fairly recent attempt in this direction is the functional mock-up interface (FMI) standard that includes support for co-simulation. Although this standard has reached acceptance in industry, it provides only limited support for simulating systems that mix continuous and discrete behavior, which are typical of CPS. This paper identifies the representation of time as a key problem, because the FMI representation does not support well the discrete events that typically occur at the cyber-physical boundary. We analyze alternatives for representing time in hybrid co-simulation and conclude that a superdense model of time using integers only solves many of these problems. We show how an execution engine can pick an adequate time resolution, and how disparities between time representations internal to co-simulated components and the resulting effects of time quantization can be managed. We propose a concrete extension to the FMI standard for supporting hybrid co-simulation that includes integer time, automatic choice of time resolution, and the use of absent signals. We explain how these extensions can be implemented modularly within the frameworks of existing simulation environments.

show abstract

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid co-simulation: it’s about time

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These tools or languages can be classified into five classes: 1) hardware modeling, 2) architecture modeling/system-level modeling/software modeling, 3) network modeling and simulation, 4) Logical theorem based provers, 5) generic modeling & simulation. Based on the surveys [52,[220][221][222][223] and our knowledge, part of popular tools/languages are exhibited in Table 3. …”

Section: Mde Based Vandv For Dependable Self-managing Cpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Technological Survey on Dependable Self-Managing CPS: The Decade of Researches on Correctness and Dependability

Zhou¹,

Hou²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Though Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) become very popular in last the decade, dependability of CPS is still a critical issue and related survey is rare. We try to spell out the jigsaw of technologies and figure out the technical trends of dependable self-managing CPS. This survey first recalls the motivation and the similar concepts. By analyzing four generic architectures, we summarize the common characteristics and related assurance technologies, and propose a more generic environment-in-loop processing flow of CPS and a formal interaction flow between physical space and cyber space. Further, the similarity between correctness and dependability is formally analyzed and the new five research questions of dependable self-managing CPS are presented. Then we review the critical technologies and related correctness verification & validation (V&V) methods, the architectures for dependable self-managing CPS. Further, the detail dependability management and V&V technologies are surveyed, which covers the areas of running-time fault management methods and whole life cycle V&V technologies, maintenance and available tool sets. For holistic CPS development, Modeling techniques and MDE (model driven engineering) based V&V methods are analyzed in detail. Then we complete the jigsaw of technologies and figure out the missing part. Further, we propose the technical challenges and the further direction. To our best knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey on dependable self-managing CPS development and evaluation.

show abstract

“…Some prominent examples include the spring mass system and the classical RLC circuit [11]. Therefore, the analysis of the damped harmonic oscillator, depicted in Figure 1, has gained interest from the CPS community [4,26]. The ODE of a damped harmonic oscillator can be expressed as …”

Section: Damped Harmonic Oscillatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal Verification of Cyber-Physical Systems: Coping with Continuous Elements

Sanwal

Hasan

2013

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The formal verification of cyber-physical systems is a challenging task mainly because of the involvement of various factors of continuous nature, such as the analog components or the surrounding environment. Traditional verification methods, such as model checking or automated theorem proving, usually deal with these continuous aspects by using abstracted discrete models. This fact makes cyber-physical system designs error prone, which may lead to disastrous consequences given the safety and financial critical nature of their applications. Leveraging upon the high expressiveness of higher-order logic, we propose to use higher-order-logic theorem proving to analyze continuous models of cyber-physical systems. To facilitate this process, this paper presents the formalization of the solutions of second-order homogeneous linear differential equations. To illustrate the usefulness of our foundational cyberphysical system analysis formalization, we present the formal analysis of a damped harmonic oscillator and a second-order op-amp circuit using the HOL4 theorem prover.

show abstract

Viewpoints, formalisms, languages, and tools for cyber-physical systems

Cited by 61 publications

References 28 publications

Hybrid co-simulation: it’s about time

Hybrid co-simulation: it’s about time

A Comprehensive Technological Survey on Dependable Self-Managing CPS: The Decade of Researches on Correctness and Dependability

Formal Verification of Cyber-Physical Systems: Coping with Continuous Elements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About