Videography of emotions and affectivity in social situations

Process‐Oriented Sampling

“…First, s hort‐term social processes (temp cours) unfold in moments, hours, or days. Knoblauch, Wetzels, and Haken (2019) provide the example of an analysis of a short‐term process by analyzing collective cheering at sports matches that emerge and end in fractions of a second. To be able to analyze the temporal patterns of these collective emotions, the research team uses video data, which provide very dense information for processes unfolding rapidly.…”

“…For example, Knoblauch et al. (2019) could not have analyzed collective cheering if they had not had data that allow for the reconstruction of social interactions on the level of milliseconds. They needed many measurement points over a very short period.…”

“…For example, Knoblauch et al. 's (2019) measurement scale would not have done at all for Elias (2000) who was interested in social change over centuries: Even if Elias would have been able to get such fine‐grained data for a time span of over a millennium, he would have simply drowned in data.…”

“…In the examples introduced above, Knoblauch et al. (2019) were interested in typical forms of collective cheering (i.e., a cyclical pattern). This means that the data have to grasp the whole process of cheering (which in this example is not difficult, as the whole process unfolds within a couple of seconds).…”

Emotional sharing in football audiences

“…In sociological terms, the suggestion is that audiences are entities coexisting with the development of an event, and more specifically, that audiences, as described in the case of knowledge, are sequentially linked to the specific unfolding of an event (Knoblauch 2016). For the purpose of this paper, we restrict ourselves to local audiences in which members are in bodily co-presence to each other and to the event (Knoblauch, Wetzels, and Haken 2019).…”