Video Steganography: Using Scrambling- AES Encryption and DCT, DST Steganography

Ajmera, Aayushi; Divecha, Mrunal; Ghosh, Shiraz Saptarshi; Raval, Ishita; Chaturvedi, Ratnesh N.

doi:10.1109/punecon46936.2019.9105666

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Additionally, a core factor in the encryption process is the chosen cryptosystem. Several proposed encryption schemes utilize AES ciphers [39], [40]. However, the computational overhead of AES makes it insufficient for some real-time applications.…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Bit-Plane-Based 3D-JST Cryptography Algorithm With Cascaded 2D-FrFT Encryption for Efficient and Secure HEVC Communication

2021

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The rapid growth of multimedia communication systems has expanded the High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) security applications precipitously. Therefore, there is an urgent, elevated need to protect and secure the HEVC content during streaming and communication over insecure channels to ensure the privacy of HEVC data against intruders and attackers. This paper introduces an optical HEVC cipher algorithm based on bit-plane 3D-JST (Three-Dimensional Jigsaw Transform) and multistage 2D-FrFT (Two-Dimensional Fractional Fourier Transform) encryption. The main advantage of employing 3D-JST is its unitary transform that has an inverse transform used to reorganize the HEVC frame-blocks in an indiscriminately way. The proposed algorithm embraces the cascaded 2D-FrFT encryption in the optical domain using a single arbitrary phase code; to be executed all optically with a lone lens. The suggested algorithm utilizes the two 2D-FrFT stages with distinct kernels in mutually dimensions separated by employing the arbitrary phase code. A foregoing bit-plane permutation stage is conducted on the input HEVC frames before the 3D-JST and 2D-FrFT processes to accomplish a high robustness and security level. To validate the efficacy of the proposed cryptography algorithm for secure HEVC streaming, a comprehensive evaluation framework has been introduced and followed to (a) test HEVC streams against different statistical cryptographic metrics, (b) compare the proposed algorithm with recent related works whether optical-based or digital-based algorithms and (c) study the impact of different security attacks on its performance. The evaluation results show a secure and efficient proposed cryptography algorithm that outperforms the conventional and related cryptography algorithms in terms of all examined evaluation metrics.

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Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Bit-Plane-Based 3D-JST Cryptography Algorithm With Cascaded 2D-FrFT Encryption for Efficient and Secure HEVC Communication

2021

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“…Discrete cosine transform is a widely used method in data compression [19][20][21][22]. In the method, data is first converted into the frequency domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, significant compression of the data is done by using a series of processes that are not noticed or barely noticed by the human eye [24]. When converted to this compressed image, the original image does not reproduce because of some loss [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Random Number Generator Based on Discrete Cosine Transform Based Lossy Picture Compression

Yakut

2021

NATURENGS MTU Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences Malatya Turgut Ozal University

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The widespread digitalization make the security of digital systems more important. Various cryptographic systems are used to ensure the security of the systems. An important part of the system is random numbers. In the article, a random number generator based on the discrete cosine transform, which is the basis of image compression algorithms, is proposed. In this generator, the difference between the original image and the compressed image produced using the discrete cosine transform is used. The original picture is transferred to the frequency domain by using the discrete cosine transform. Then, it is converted back to the space domain by using the inverse discrete cosine transform. These transformations cause some losses as certain coefficients are taken into account. Raw random numbers were generated using the differences between the original image and the compressed image. Then, the possible weaknesses in the generated random numbers were removed by passing these raw data through the hash function. The SHA-512 algorithm was used as the hash function. An important advantage of the developed system is that it can be easily implemented. The safety of generated random numbers is demonstrated by the successful result of NIST and correlation tests. In addition, the security parameters of the proposed method are shown in the discussion section.

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“…Hence, video steganography has drawn more and more interest over the last few years. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of video steganography based on different positions: the intra-prediction mode [ 10 , 11 ], motion vector [ 12 , 13 ], Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients [ 14 , 15 ] and entropy coding coefficient [ 16 ]. Because video steganography based on DCT coefficients and entropy coefficients considerably affect the video quality, only a few scholars focus on them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Secure Video Steganography Based on the Intra-Prediction Mode (IPM) for H264

Cao

Lan

2020

Sensors

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Recently, many video steganography algorithms based on the intra-prediction mode (IPM) have been adaptive steganography algorithms. These algorithms usually focus on the research about mapping rules and distortion functions while ignoring the fact that adaptive steganography may not be suitable for video steganography based on the intra-prediction mode; this is because the adaptive steganography algorithm must first calculate the loss of all cover before the first secret message is embedded. However, the modification of an IPM may change the pixel values of the current block and adjacent blocks, which will lead to the change of the loss of the following blocks. In order to avoid this problem, a new secure video steganography based on a novel embedding strategy is proposed in this paper. Video steganography is combined with video encoding. Firstly, the frame is encoded by an original encoder and all the relevant information is saved. The candidate block is found according to the relevant information and mapping rules. Then every qualified block is analyzed, and a one-bit message is embedded during intra-prediction encoding. At last, if the IPM of this block is changed, the values of the residual are modified in order to keep the optimality of the modified IPM. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm has good security performance and little impact on video quality.

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Video Steganography: Using Scrambling- AES Encryption and DCT, DST Steganography

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Optical Bit-Plane-Based 3D-JST Cryptography Algorithm With Cascaded 2D-FrFT Encryption for Efficient and Secure HEVC Communication

Optical Bit-Plane-Based 3D-JST Cryptography Algorithm With Cascaded 2D-FrFT Encryption for Efficient and Secure HEVC Communication

Random Number Generator Based on Discrete Cosine Transform Based Lossy Picture Compression

A Secure Video Steganography Based on the Intra-Prediction Mode (IPM) for H264

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