Video-rate photometric stereo-imaging with general lighting luminaires

Abstract

3D images of moving objects can be achieved with a surveillance camera and four white light-emitting diodes. With these simple components, an imaging rate of 15 Hz is possible, limited by the camera framerate.

Lighting as a Service That Provides Simultaneous 3D Imaging and Optical Wireless Connectivity

“…The experimental setup follows our earlier work [5] where four LEDs were placed around the camera in an X-shaped geometry, see Fig. 1.…”

LED-Based Photometric Stereo-Imaging Employing Frequency-Division Multiple Access

“…We used four white LEDs (Osram OSTAR Stage LE RTDUW S2W) with a nominal operating current of 0.7 A, 200 lm luminous flux, and 8.6 MHz optical bandwidth [7]. The placement of the LEDs and camera, shown in Fig.…”

Top-down Illumination Photometric Stereo Imaging Using Light-Emitting Diodes and a Mobile Device

“…Surface normal components can then be integrated to recover the 3D shape. So far, the most common photometric stereo configuration is as implemented with: a commercial camera placed in front of the object and, at least, four white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) surrounding it in a top/bottom/left/right or X shape [2,3]. A fast 3D reconstruction has been reported with white LEDs surrounding a camera, where LEDs were sequentially lit by a USB programmable board [2].…”