Lighting as a Service That Provides Simultaneous 3D Imaging and Optical Wireless Connectivity

Herrnsdorf, Johannes; McKendry, Jonathan J. D.; Stonehouse, Mark; Broadbent, Laurence; Wright, Glynn C.; Dawson, Martin D.; Strain, Michael J.

doi:10.1109/ipcon.2018.8527294

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In contrast to our work, other authors employed photometric stereo (PS) and aperture masking interferometry to perform passive imaging [39]- [42]. Furthermore, the need for multiple sources and an appropriate footprint are fundamental problems in such techniques for scene reconstruction using lowcoherence interferometry.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 92%

Pseudo-Passive Time-of-Flight Imaging: Simultaneous Illumination, Communication, and 3D Sensing

et al. 2022

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3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras have recently received a lot of attention due to their wide range of applications. Despite remarkable advancements in ToF imaging, state-of-theart ToF cameras are still afflicted by the power hungriness of their illumination sources. To tackle this problem, we exploited existing lighting infrastructure, that ensures the ubiquitous presence of modulated light sources in indoor spaces, which serve as opportunity illuminators. We explored the bistatic geometry for passive imaging using the pulse-based ToF approach. Our work is inspired by the recently introduced visible light communication (VLC) or light-fidelity (Li-Fi) infrastructure. VLC allows the infrastructure to provide indoor simultaneous illumination, communication, and sensing (SICS). To this end, we designed a bistatic geometry for the purpose of attaining passive 3D imaging. Such capabilities are achieved by exploiting the pulse shape of the autocorrelation function of real optical signals generated by VLC/Li-Fi modules (e. g., OpenVLC and LiFiMAX). We demonstrated passive imaging by means of matched filtering. In this work, we also studied different sampling strategies in the time shift domain, including uniform, random, and sparse rulers, which is another step forward towards preserving high depth accuracy with a minimal number of measurements. The proposed methodology achieved successful depth reconstruction with negligible rootmean-square-error (RMSE) for the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the measurements. Parametric models such as Gaussian and sum-of-sines are used to characterize the cross-correlation functions and allow for robust parametric depth retrieval from a few measurements. Moreover, we attained 20 mm worst-case error for a target at 25 cm. The experiment proved that the bistatic passive depth reconstruction is feasible.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 92%

Pseudo-Passive Time-of-Flight Imaging: Simultaneous Illumination, Communication, and 3D Sensing

et al. 2022

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“…Sequential acquisition produces motion artifacts and low frame rate problems, multi-tap and multi-aperture systems are proposed to acquire all raw data in a single shot [16]. In [17]- [20], the authors have developed a passive system via aperture masking interferometry, and photometric stereo (PS) imaging methods. These approaches can only recover a limited number of hidden sources by using low-coherence interferometry and require an appropriate light footprint respectively.…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo-Passive Indoor ToF Sensing exploiting Visible Light Communication Sources

2021

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The need for active illumination is one of the fundamental downsides of state-of-the-art Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras and translates into large power consumption as compared to passive imaging modalities. Recently, developments in visible light communications (VLC) have allowed the lighting infrastructure to provide both illumination and communication services in indoor environments. In this paper, we propose exploiting visible light sources as opportunity illuminators for indoor ToF sensing. This allows for drastically reducing the power consumption of the ToF camera, as the need for illumination modules is eliminated. We study the feasibility of this idea using an off-the-shelf VLC module, model the emitted light signal, and study its autocorrelation properties. We show that the prominence of two dominant frequencies, arising from the underlying clock signal and coding scheme, enables CW-ToF operation. Simulations carried out using real signals from the VLC module showed successful depth estimation, up to an offset, using standard methods for CW-ToF depth estimation such as the four-phases algorithm.

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Lighting as a Service That Provides Simultaneous 3D Imaging and Optical Wireless Connectivity

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Pseudo-Passive Time-of-Flight Imaging: Simultaneous Illumination, Communication, and 3D Sensing

Pseudo-Passive Time-of-Flight Imaging: Simultaneous Illumination, Communication, and 3D Sensing

Pseudo-Passive Indoor ToF Sensing exploiting Visible Light Communication Sources

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