“…Thanks to these socio-technical developments, interdisciplinary studies utilizing video have deepened our understanding in many learning science sub-fields such as mathematics thinking, learning, and teaching (Greeno & MMAP, 1998;Lampert & Loewenberg-Ball, 1998;Schoenfeld, 1992), functions of teacher activities (Frederiksen et al, 1998), international comparative studies of videos of mathematics classrooms (Stigler & Hiebert, 1999;; learning of demanding topics in high school physics (Pea, 1992;Roth & Roychoudhury, 1993), informal learning in science museums (Crowley et al, 2001;Stevens & Hall, 1997), interacting with machines such as copiers, computers, and medical devices, suggesting new design needs (Nardi, 1996;Suchman, 1987;Suchman & Trigg, 1991;Tang, 1991), collaborative learning (Barron, 2000;, and of specific roles for gestural communication in teaching and learning (Roth, 2001a, b). The pervasive impact of video studies was in evidence at the 2002 American Educational Research Association meetings, which included 44 scientific panels and symposia using video for learning research, teaching, and teacher education (with comparable levels in 2005).…”