Victims as Security Threats

Mogire, Edward

doi:10.4324/9781315548319

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…One such consideration is that refugee encampments may spatially concentrate individuals who fled (and may be on different sides of) the same conflict, as well as refugees of different nationalities. Intergroup conflict among refugees is considered a greater risk ‘when members from political, ethnic, and/or religious groups that have a history of enmity and conflict are hosted in the same camps’ (Nathan, 2000 quoted in Mogire, 2011: 64). This is largely due to political differences, given that ‘refugees are highly politicized and often support competing and hostile political and rebel factions’ (Mogire, 2011: 65).…”

Section: Refugees and Conflict Dynamics In The Host Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Camp settlement and communal conflict in sub-Saharan Africa

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2019

Journal of Peace Research

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Are areas that host encamped refugees more likely to experience communal conflict, and under what conditions? Building on insights from the refugee studies literature suggesting that settling refugees in camps can intensify intercommunal tension in host communities, this article investigates the effect of refugee encampment on the occurrence of communal conflict at the subnational level in sub-Saharan Africa. It first tests for a general relationship between the overall presence and population intensity of encamped refugees and communal conflict before assessing whether this relationship is moderated by local-level characteristics, including interethnic linkages and political and economic marginalization within the host region. The basic findings show that communal conflict occurs more frequently in regions where refugees are camp-settled. Tests for interactive effects indicate that refugee camps have a significant marginal effect on conflict only if they are located in areas with politically marginalized host groups. Origin country/host region ethnic ties are shown to exert significant moderating effects. Moreover, results from an extended set of analyses show that the form of refugee settlement matters, as the presence and population intensity of self-settled refugees are related to decreases in the occurrence of communal conflict.

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Section: Refugees and Conflict Dynamics In The Host Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Camp settlement and communal conflict in sub-Saharan Africa

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2019

Journal of Peace Research

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“…where the refugee camps are located in traditionally insecure and lawless areas because the government has little control of territory, thus enabling militias and fighters to entrench themselves in order to operate.' 57 This logic applies to rebel groups from the sending country as well as to domestic rebel groups. Battles between sending country rebels and the host government might ensue if the host government attempts to prevent the foreign rebels from using refugee camps as a base of operations and/or for resources.…”

Section: Interaction Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Refugee Geography and the Diffusion of Armed Conflict in Africa

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2014

Civil Wars

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“…Illegal bush meat hunting became a coping strategy for refugees. This resulted in the loss of over 90% of the population of ungulates in Burigi-Biharamulo Game Reserves [81, 82]. Refugees also harvested the forests and woodlands for fuel wood and construction poles, leading to serious land degradation [83–85].…”

Section: Why Should the Trend Be Reversed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impacts of political unrest and of refugees on wildlife species in Tanzania are well documented [7, 80–85]. The fact that the effects of political unrest can spill over into neighbouring countries and affect the wildlife in these countries shows that it is imperative that all possible strategies are employed to maintain peace in the entire region.…”

Section: The Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown earlier, the illicit ivory trade is increasingly becoming an important source of funding for civil wars and terrorist activities in Africa [66–78]. Civil wars and terrorist operations are linked to ecological problems such as wildlife poaching and deforestation perpetrated by rebels and refugees [7, 80, 82–85]. Halting elephant poaching is, therefore, important to ending these operations and hence forestalling illegal activities directed at wildlife species and their habitats.…”

Section: Implications For Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Elephant Poaching Crisis in Tanzania: A Need to Reverse the Trend and the Way Forward

Kideghesho

2016

Tropical Conservation Science

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Over the past six years, elephant poaching and the illicit ivory trade have attracted global attention and Tanzania has been slated as one of the worst offenders. During the 2013 CITES Conference of the Parties in Bangkok, Tanzania, along with Kenya, Uganda, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Thailand and China were labeled "the gang of eight", singled out as being instrumental in fueling the illegal ivory trade either as suppliers, transit countries, or consumers. Individuals, conservation groups and local and international media have accused the Tanzanian government of inaction and have linked the current slaughter of elephants to increased criminality, corruption, the proliferation of firearms, the failure of the judicial system and a perception that Tanzania is a sanctuary for criminals. Besides tarnishing the image of the country, elephant poaching has undesirable effects on the ecological, economic and security aspects. This paper explores these effects and highlights the need for reversing the current trend of this crime. The paper provides an historical overview of poaching in Tanzania and urges for immediate action to halt the crime. Focusing on factors that are considered key in driving poaching, the paper recommends some proactive measures that should be adopted in order to reverse the current trend. The paper highlights the positive outcomes the adoption of these measures could have for conservation efforts.

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Victims as Security Threats

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Camp settlement and communal conflict in sub-Saharan Africa

Camp settlement and communal conflict in sub-Saharan Africa

Refugee Geography and the Diffusion of Armed Conflict in Africa

The Elephant Poaching Crisis in Tanzania: A Need to Reverse the Trend and the Way Forward

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