Victimization History and Posttraumatic Stress: An Analysis of Psychopathy Variants in Male Juvenile Offenders

Tatar, Joseph R.; Cauffman, Elizabeth; Kimonis, Eva R.; Skeem, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1080/19361521.2012.671794

Cited by 79 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…secondary psychopathy). Consistent with their proposed greater exposure to negative life events, Tatar, Cauffman, Kimonis, and Skeem (2012) found that incarcerated boys classified in the secondary psychopathy group manifested greater past symptoms of PTSD than their primary psychopathy counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Facets of psychopathy in relation to trauma-exposure and posttraumatic stress symptomology in a sample of incarcerated male offenders

Woodfield

Dhingra

Boduszek

et al. 2016

IJPH

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Purpose: The aim was to investigate the moderating role of psychopathy facets on the relationship between traumatic exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology. Design/methodology/approach: Participants were male prisoners incarcerated in the U.K. Findings: The analysis revealed differential associations between the two facets of psychopathy, with potentially traumatic events and symptoms of PTSD.Specifically, neither primary psychopathy nor trauma exposure were significantly related to PTSD, while secondary psychopathy was positively and significantly related with PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, the effect of trauma exposure on PTSD was found to depend on the level of secondary psychopathy. More specifically, trauma exposure was strongly and positively associated with PTSD symptoms for low levels of secondary psychopathy and negatively associated with PTSD symptomology for individuals with high levels of secondary psychopathy. Originality/value: The findings clarify linkages among psychopathy facets, trauma, and PTSD, and extend our understanding of the presentation of PTSD in male prisoners.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Facets of psychopathy in relation to trauma-exposure and posttraumatic stress symptomology in a sample of incarcerated male offenders

Woodfield

Dhingra

Boduszek

et al. 2016

IJPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consistent with prior empirical studies of psychopathy variants (Hicks, Markon et al 2004; Skeem, Johansson et al 2007; Hicks, Vaidyanathan et al 2010; Kimonis, Skeem et al in press; Tatar, Cauffman et al in press), we first used model-based cluster analysis (MBC; Banfield and Raftery 1993) to determine whether primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy can be identified in a subsample of male juvenile offenders scoring high on a measure of psychopathy. To validate the resultant clusters we used multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) and analyses of variance (ANOVA) to compare them on theoretically relevant factors not used to derive them, namely maltreatment history and psychiatric symptomatology, predicting that secondary variants will show greater levels of each than primary variants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance-related disorders among juvenile offenders: What role do psychopathic traits play?

Kimonis

Tatar²,

Cauffman

2012

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Substance use disorders are associated with psychopathy, a personality disorder that is heterogeneous in both adults and youth; secondary variants of psychopathy with comorbid psychopathology and primary variants without comorbidity show distinct correlates and outcomes. In adult criminal populations, secondary variants report greater substance abuse compared with primary variants. The primary aim of this study is to replicate and extend these findings to a juvenile offender population. Compared with primary variants of juvenile psychopathy, secondary variants (a) reported significantly more frequent substance—particularly alcohol—use within the six months prior to incarceration (d = .43), (b) were almost twice as likely to abuse substances while incarcerated, and (c) were more likely to be diagnosed with a current DSM-IV substance use disorder. Practical implications for working with justice-involved youth are discussed.

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“…Specifically, much of the past work on variants of CU traits in samples of youths has relied on self-report (Bjørnebekk & Gjesme, 2009; Kimonis et al, 2012; Roose et al, 2011; Tatar et al, 2012; Vaughn et al, 2009). Some of the differences between the two variants in the current study were significant only when self-report measures were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing primary and secondary variants of callous-unemotional traits among adolescents in a clinic-referred sample.

Kahn¹,

Frick²,

Youngstrom³

et al. 2013

Psychological Assessment

123

105

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The current study used model-based cluster analyses to determine if there are two distinct variants of adolescents (ages 11 - 18) high on callous-unemotional (CU) traits that differ on their level of anxiety and history of trauma. The sample (n = 272) consisted of clinic-referred youths who were primarily African-American (90%) and from low income families. Consistent with hypotheses, three clusters emerged, including a group low on CU traits, as well as two groups high on CU traits that differed in their level of anxiety and past trauma. Consistent with past research on incarcerated adults and adolescents, the group high on anxiety (i.e., secondary variant) was more likely to have histories of abuse and had higher levels of impulsivity, externalizing behaviors, aggression, and behavioral activation. In contrast, the group low on anxiety (i.e., primary variant) scored lower on a measure of behavioral inhibition. On measures of impulsivity and externalizing behavior, the higher scores for the secondary cluster only were found for self-report measures, not on parent-report measures. Youths in the primary cluster also were perceived as less credible reporters than youth in the secondary or cluster low on CU traits. These reporter and credibility differences suggest that adolescents within the primary variant may underreport their level of behavioral disturbance, which has important assessment implications.

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Victimization History and Posttraumatic Stress: An Analysis of Psychopathy Variants in Male Juvenile Offenders

Cited by 79 publications

References 38 publications

Facets of psychopathy in relation to trauma-exposure and posttraumatic stress symptomology in a sample of incarcerated male offenders

Facets of psychopathy in relation to trauma-exposure and posttraumatic stress symptomology in a sample of incarcerated male offenders

Substance-related disorders among juvenile offenders: What role do psychopathic traits play?

Distinguishing primary and secondary variants of callous-unemotional traits among adolescents in a clinic-referred sample.

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