Vibration and sound radiation of an electrostatic speaker based on circular diaphragm

Chiang, Hsin-Yuan; Huang, Yu-Hsi

doi:10.1121/1.4916275

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…In particular, the high Young’s modulus and ultrathin thickness of the wood film should help to increase the resonance frequency and enhance the displacement amplitude of the diaphragm vibration, respectively 47 . We anticipate that the enhanced vibrational characteristics of our ultrathin wood film will make it highly suitable as a diaphragm for acoustic transducers with a wide operation bandwidth, high sensitivity (for microphones), and high sound pressure level (for speakers) 47–49 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-digit-micrometer thickness wood speaker

et al. 2019

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Thin films of several microns in thickness are ubiquitously used in packaging, electronics, and acoustic sensors. Here we demonstrate that natural wood can be directly converted into an ultrathin film with a record-small thickness of less than 10 μm through partial delignification followed by densification. Benefiting from this aligned and laminated structure, the ultrathin wood film exhibits excellent mechanical properties with a high tensile strength of 342 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 43.6 GPa, respectively. The material’s ultrathin thickness and exceptional mechanical strength enable excellent acoustic properties with a 1.83-times higher resonance frequency and a 1.25-times greater displacement amplitude than a commercial polypropylene diaphragm found in an audio speaker. As a proof-of-concept, we directly use the ultrathin wood film as a diaphragm in a real speaker that can output music. The ultrathin wood film with excellent mechanical property and acoustic performance is a promising candidate for next-generation acoustic speakers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-digit-micrometer thickness wood speaker

et al. 2019

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“…There have been several reported implementations and developments of the Rayleigh integral method [244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252][253][254], including vibro-acoustics [197,255,256]. Applications of the method include sandwich panels [257][258][259][260][261][262][263], engine or machine noise [203], electrostatic speaker [264] and transducers [52,265,266].…”

Section: The Rayleigh Integral Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Boundary Element Method in Acoustics: A Survey

Kirkup

2019

Applied Sciences

104

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The boundary element method (BEM) in the context of acoustics or Helmholtz problems is reviewed in this paper. The basis of the BEM is initially developed for Laplace’s equation. The boundary integral equation formulations for the standard interior and exterior acoustic problems are stated and the boundary element methods are derived through collocation. It is shown how interior modal analysis can be carried out via the boundary element method. Further extensions in the BEM in acoustics are also reviewed, including half-space problems and modelling the acoustic field surrounding thin screens. Current research in linking the boundary element method to other methods in order to solve coupled vibro-acoustic and aero-acoustic problems and methods for solving inverse problems via the BEM are surveyed. Applications of the BEM in each area of acoustics are referenced. The computational complexity of the problem is considered and methods for improving its general efficiency are reviewed. The significant maintenance issues of the standard exterior acoustic solution are considered, in particular the weighting parameter in combined formulations such as Burton and Miller’s equation. The commonality of the integral operators across formulations and hence the potential for development of a software library approach is emphasised.

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“…When an AC voltage is applied to drive the MEMS speaker, a bending moment will be generated by the actuation mechanism, forcing the diaphragm to vibrate and thus generating a sound pressure output. Considering a circular vibrating diaphragm, as shown in Figure 1 , the pressure amplitude can be calculated based on the Helmholtz equation and the Rayleigh integral and is readily given by [ 29 ]:

where

is the air density,

is the vibration frequency, a is the radius of the diaphragm,

is the vibration amplitude at the radial distance of

, and

is the distance from the diaphragm to the listener.…”

Section: Theory and Modeling Of Mems Speakersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Recent Development of MEMS Speakers

Wang

Zheng

et al. 2021

Micromachines

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Facilitated by microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, MEMS speakers or microspeakers have been rapidly developed during the past decade to meet the requirements of the flourishing audio market. With advantages of a small footprint, low cost, and easy assembly, MEMS speakers are drawing extensive attention for potential applications in hearing instruments, portable electronics, and the Internet of Things (IoT). MEMS speakers based on different transduction mechanisms, including piezoelectric, electrodynamic, electrostatic, and thermoacoustic actuation, have been developed and significant progresses have been made in commercialization in the last few years. In this article, the principle and modeling of each MEMS speaker type is briefly introduced first. Then, the development of MEMS speakers is reviewed with key specifications of state-of-the-art MEMS speakers summarized. The advantages and challenges of all four types of MEMS speakers are compared and discussed. New approaches to improve sound pressure levels (SPLs) of MEMS speakers are also proposed. Finally, the remaining challenges and outlook of MEMS speakers are given.

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Vibration and sound radiation of an electrostatic speaker based on circular diaphragm

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Single-digit-micrometer thickness wood speaker

Single-digit-micrometer thickness wood speaker

The Boundary Element Method in Acoustics: A Survey

Review of Recent Development of MEMS Speakers

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