Single-digit-micrometer thickness wood speaker

Gan, Wentao; Chen, Chaoji; Kim, Hyun-Tae; Lin, Zhiwei; Dai, Jiaqi; Dong, Zhihua; Zhou, Zhan; Ping, Weiwei; He, Shuaiming; Xiao, Shaoliang; Yu, Miao; Hu, Liangbing

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13053-0

Cited by 49 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Another very interesting study was carried out by Gan et al. [ 237 ] on the fabrication of ultrathin partially delignified and densified flexible wood diaphragms for speakers (see Figure ). First, a balsa wood sheet was partially delignified (10 cm × 10 cm × 0.3 mm) and then pressed at 100 °C and 10–15 MPa pressure for 24 h to obtain an ultrathin wood film.…”

Section: Functional Materials Derived From Delignified Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Materials Derived From Delignified Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…c) The sound wave of the original song (Spain Matador March). d) The recorded sound wave (Spain Matador March) of the speaker with the wood diaphragm.Adapted with permission [237]. Copyright 2019, Nature Publishing Group.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review

Kumar

Jyske

Petrič

2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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performance environmentally friendly materials. This is because new processes will be required that allow control on all hierarchical levels. Wood is well defined as a biological engineering material with a complex hierarchical structure of organic material based on cellulose fibrils embedded in a matrix of hemicelluloses and lignin. [1,2] Wood has long been used as a construction material, as well as for pulp and paper production. These applications are highly dependent on the properties of lignin in wood. Removal of lignin is the key step in pulp and paper production, in addition to the conversion of biomass to liquid biofuels. Lignin was first discovered in wood by Anselme Payen in 1839, [3] as the incrusting material that must be removed to isolate the useful fibers in wood. Research pertaining to wood nanotechnology or functional wood materials is a rapidly emerging field. Functional wood materials are mostly fabricated by treating hierarchical natural templates (wood cell wall) by chemical and thermal means. These treatments selectively modify the wood cell wall structure (fine pore spaces and inner lumen surface area) for different applications. [4] The pore region and inner lumen surface have actively been modified to enhance the bulk properties of wood using organic chemicals, [5] inorganic chemicals, organic-inorganic chemicals, [6,7] and thermal methods. [8] Hybrid wood scaffolds have been prepared for diverse applications such as magnetic wood, [9,10] as well as wood-mineral and wood-metal hybrids. [11] Recent research on delignified wood (DW) has emerged from the classical pulp production method. In the preparation of DW, the embedded lignin is removed from the wood cell wall structure, while maintaining the natural hierarchical cellulosic structure. [12] Initially, DW was prepared in order to understand the unknown ultrastructure of wood cell walls. However, since 2015, research in this area has rapidly expanded to focus on the development of wood-based functional scaffolds. Within the literature, DW is predominantly prepared using alkaline delignification methods such as Kraft pulping (a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 )) heated to boiling temperature), followed by bleaching using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to remove the lignin. DW is chemically hydrophilic due to the presence and exposure of hydroxyl groups and possible sites for DW functionalization. DW scaffolds have been functionalized

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Section: Functional Materials Derived From Delignified Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Materials Derived From Delignified Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review

Kumar

Jyske

Petrič

2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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“…[ 67 ] Top‐down process can be defined as the treating process that using raw wood as the starting material without going through heavy defibrillation process and the hierarchical cellular microstructure of wood is largely preserved in the final product. [ 68,78–85 ] While, bottom‐up process starts with fibrillated cellulose building blocks, which are further assembled into bulk structure such as 1D microfibers or macrofibers, [ 86,87 ] 2D films or membranes, [ 88–91 ] and 3D aerogels or sponges, [ 92,93 ] hydrogels, [ 94,95 ] or complicated structures, [ 96 ] where the hierarchical cellular microstructure of wood is generally absent. Delignified wood, for example, is one of the most representative top‐down wood‐based structures, which can be fabricated from natural wood via a top‐down delignification process (Figure 3a).…”

Section: Materials Fabrications and Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Ion Regulation in Wood‐Based Structures and Their Device Applications

Chen

2020

Advanced Materials

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Ion transport and regulation are fundamental processes for various devices and applications related to energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, sensing, ionotronics, and biotechnology. Wood‐based materials, fabricated by top‐down or bottom‐up approaches, possess a unique hierarchically porous fibrous structure that offers an appealing material platform for multiscale ion regulation. The ion transport behavior in these materials can be regulated through structural and compositional engineering from the macroscale down to the nanoscale, imparting wood‐based materials with multiple functions for a range of emerging applications. A fundamental understanding of ion transport behavior in wood‐based structures enhances the capability to design high‐performance ion‐regulating devices and promotes the utilization of sustainable wood materials. Combining this unique ion regulation capability with the renewable and cost‐effective raw materials available, wood and its derivatives are the natural choice of materials toward sustainability.

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“…This treatment resulted in an increase in strength and hardness. Other studies based on delignification and subsequent densification have been applied for ultrathin membranes for acoustic speakers [18] as well as for fire retardant wood materials [19]. In an alternative process, Frey et al [20] used vacuumassisted filling with epoxy prior to compression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slippery Wood: Low Friction and Low Wear of Modified Beech Wood

Waßmann

Ahmed

2020

Tribol Lett

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This paper investigates the tribological and related properties of naturally modified beech wood (Fagus sylvatica). The modifications were performed on steamed beech wood using a variety of treatments consisting of drying, heating in an aqueous solution, impregnation with liquefied animal glue as well as beeswax followed by compression and various combinations thereof. Results indicate that an impregnation in liquefied animal glue followed by mechanical compression to 62% of the original volume leads to an increase in hardness of more than 160% as compared to steamed beech wood alone. The frictional properties of this natural polymer were further examined by sliding the wood samples against 100Cr6 (DIN 1.3505) steel spheres. Beeswax-impregnated and compressed samples showed a reduction in friction of 90% compared to steamed beech wood, with values in the regime of PTFE, over a sliding distance of 10 km with a normal load of 10 N and sliding speed of 0.1 m/s. Unlike PTFE, the low friction was also accompanied by a low specific wear rate of around 3.9 × 10 −7 mm 3 /N m. This study demonstrates the enormous potential of modified woods as an all-natural, non-toxic, renewable, and biodegradable material to replace synthetic polymers in technical applications with practically no environmental loading.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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Single-digit-micrometer thickness wood speaker

Cited by 49 publications

References 49 publications

Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review

Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review

Nanoscale Ion Regulation in Wood‐Based Structures and Their Device Applications

Slippery Wood: Low Friction and Low Wear of Modified Beech Wood

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