Vial sonication and ultrasonic immersion probe sonication to generate stable dispersions of multiwall carbon nanotubes for physico-chemical characterization and biological testing

Rio-Echevarria, Iria M.; Ponti, Jessica; Urbán, Patricia; Gilliland, Douglas

doi:10.1080/17435390.2019.1597203

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…There are two methods of sonication: tip and bath. Both have a negative effect on CNTs, but the destructive impact of tip sonication is greater, because sound energy is concentrated [32,39,40]. Arnold and co-workers [31] demonstrated that tip sonication time also affects the average length of CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Method to Improve Electrical Conductivity of Films Made from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2019

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Despite the widespread use of sonication for individualization of nanomaterials, its destructive nature is rarely acknowledged. In this study, we demonstrated how exposure of the material to a hostile sound wave environment can be limited by the application of another preprocessing step. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were initially ground in a household coffee grinder, which enabled facile deagglomeration thereof. Such a simple approach enabled us to obtain high-quality CNT dispersion at reduced sonication time. Most importantly, electrical conductivity of free-standing films prepared from these dispersion was improved almost fourfold as compared with unground material eventually reaching 1067 ± 34 S/cm. This work presents a new approach as to how electrical properties of nanocarbon ensembles may be enhanced without the application of doping agents, the presence of which is often ephemeral.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Method to Improve Electrical Conductivity of Films Made from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2019

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“…Although the synthesized nanotubes were linear, the perceived defects in the images were due to the ultrasonication procedure. 21 From Figure 3 a, it can be said that the nanotubes have undergone a base growth mechanism and nickel is present within the nanotube. Because the sample was thermally purified, the black particles in the tubes are nickel, as shown in Figure 3 b,c.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Ni–Boron Nitride Nanotube Magnetic Semiconductor—A New Material for Spintronics

et al. 2020

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Here, we report the presence of ferromagnetism in hybrid nickel–boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) with an ordered structure, synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using elemental boron, nickel oxide as the catalyst, and ammonia gas as the source for nitrogen. In previous studies, the nanotubes were synthesized with two metal oxide catalysts, whereas here, only a single catalyst was used. The nanotube’s structure was determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Purity of the nanotubes synthesized at 1150 °C was exceptional and this was determined by Raman spectroscopy. The average diameter of the nanotubes was 63 nm. Based on the magnetic studies carried out, it can be confirmed that the synthesized hybrid material is ferromagnetic at room temperature. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out to confirm the dielectric nature of the nanotubes. These materials could pave ways to nanoscale devices. The well-known thermal stability of BNNTs would play a vital role in preventing thermal failures in such small-scale devices where overheating is a major concern. The presence of semiconducting and magnetic properties in a single material could be confirmed, which might be highly significant in the field of spintronics.

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“…Despite their potential usefulness, biomedical applications involving MWCNTs have been limited due to a lack of methods for dispersion and characterization (Rio‐Echevarria, Ponti, Urban, & Gilliland, 2019). The optimal combination of biosurfactants and ultrasonication to overcome the strong van der Waals force (Zhbanov, Pogorelov, & Chang, 2010) as shown here provides well‐dispersed and stabilized MWCNTs in cell culture systems (Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Length difference of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes generates differential cytotoxic responses

Thi

Kim

Kwak

et al. 2021

J of Applied Toxicology

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Carbon nanotubes have recently been rated as an effective biomaterial owing to their functionalization ability. However, the safety of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has yet to be clearly understood. To investigate how cells differentially react to minor geometric differences, we prepared well‐dispersed and stable long and short MWCNTs showing an approximately 100‐nm length difference in an in vitro system. Through an optimal combination of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) biosurfactants and ultrasonication, we first confirmed that the MWCNTs were maintained without aggregation throughout the experiments. Internalized MWCNTs in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells were then quantified in a label‐free manner using coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering, followed by an analysis of their localization via two‐photon excitation fluorescence. Intracellular MWCNTs were found to primarily localize in mitochondria with abnormal morphologies. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which was found to result from early stages of oxidative stress that consequently lead to cell death, was then proved via decreasing mitochondrial membrane potentials, with short MWCNTs showing significantly greater cytotoxicity than long MWCNTs. Our results suggest that even small length differences of MWCNTs may lead to differential responses in cells.

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Vial sonication and ultrasonic immersion probe sonication to generate stable dispersions of multiwall carbon nanotubes for physico-chemical characterization and biological testing

Abstract: 2019) Vial sonication and ultrasonic immersion probe sonication to generate stable dispersions of multiwall carbon nanotubes for physico-chemical characterization and biological testing,

Cited by 14 publications

References 55 publications

Simple Method to Improve Electrical Conductivity of Films Made from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Simple Method to Improve Electrical Conductivity of Films Made from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Hybrid Ni–Boron Nitride Nanotube Magnetic Semiconductor—A New Material for Spintronics

Length difference of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes generates differential cytotoxic responses

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