Vi SEROLOGY IN DETECTION OF CHRONIC SALMONELLA TYPHI CARRIERS IN AN ENDEMIC AREA

Lanata, Claudio F.; Ristori, C; Jiménez, Luís Carlos Villamil; Garcia, Julio; Levine, Myron M.; Black, Robert E.; Salcedo, Mario; Sotomayor, Viviana

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90401-4

Cited by 99 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Strains initially identified in the clinical microbiology laboratory of the Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins, Bamako, Mali (CVD-Mali), as Salmonella serotype Typhi, Paratyphi A, or Paratyphi B or as Salmonella species were shipped to CVD-Baltimore for bacteriological confirmation. The second set was 34 putative Salmonella serovar Paratyphi A and 189 Salmonella serovar Paratyphi B strains isolated from blood cultures of patients in the course of surveillance for enteric fever in Santiago, Chile (4,8,9,(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

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confidence: 99%

PCR Method To Identify Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B among Salmonella Isolates from the Blood of Patients with Clinical Enteric Fever

et al. 2008

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confidence: 99%

PCR Method To Identify Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B among Salmonella Isolates from the Blood of Patients with Clinical Enteric Fever

et al. 2008

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“…Circa 90% of chronic carriers (in the gallbladder) of serovar Typhi manifest elevated titers of serum Vi antibody (27,37,41). In contrast, only 20% of patients with acute typhoid fever exhibit elevated titers; in those patients, the elevated titers are usually short-lived unless the patients become chronic carriers (27,37).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, only 20% of patients with acute typhoid fever exhibit elevated titers; in those patients, the elevated titers are usually short-lived unless the patients become chronic carriers (27,37). For these reasons, whereas Vi serology is not helpful in the diagnosis of acute typhoid fever, the detection of elevated serum anti-Vi antibodies is very useful in screening for chronic typhoid carriers, even in areas of endemicity (14,27,28,36).…”

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Constitutive Expression of the Vi Polysaccharide Capsular Antigen in AttenuatedSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhi Oral Vaccine Strain CVD 909

et al. 2000

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“…A Vi agglutination reaction has been used to screen for S. enterica serotype typhi carriers. Its reported sensitivity is 70-80%, with a specificity of 80-95% 24 .…”

Section: Widal Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Diagnostic Procedure of Typhoid Fever: A Review Update

et al. 2014

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Typhoid fever is diagnosed by using a combination of the clinical presentation, the isolation of Salmonella typhi from body fluids and by Widal test. In the first week of illness, the diagnosis may be more difficult because in this invasive stage with bacteraemia; the symptoms are those of generalized infections without localizing feature. Cultures of stool, urine, rose spots, bone marrow, gastric and intestinal secretions can all be useful for diagnosis. The efficacy of culture varies with the specimen being tested. In addition, the prehospital antibiotic therapy frequently used in developing countries complicates the isolation of infectious agents from clinical specimens especially from blood. Bone marrow appears to be the most suitable specimen because bone marrow culture has a higher sensitivity than blood culture. The methods of bacterial isolation are inherently slow and take more than 48 hours. That is why, serologic analysis becomes more important. The Widal test has got limitations such as the difficulty in interpretation, the need to demonstrate a fourfold rise after a week and necessity of knowing the endemicity of the area and is useful only in selected patients. The available methods of diagnosis of typhoid fever are either time consuming or are not absolutely reliable. An accurate diagnosis of typhoid at an early stage is important not only for an etiological diagnosis of the patient but also to identify individuals who may serve as a source of infection. The outer membrane protein on the surface of Gram negative bacteria has been considered as important antigens to induce host immune response. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have been considered an alternative approach for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. Therefore, this present review has been designed to describe the different diagnostic procedure of typhoid fever.

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Vi SEROLOGY IN DETECTION OF CHRONIC SALMONELLA TYPHI CARRIERS IN AN ENDEMIC AREA

Cited by 99 publications

References 21 publications

PCR Method To Identify Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B among Salmonella Isolates from the Blood of Patients with Clinical Enteric Fever

PCR Method To Identify Salmonella enterica Serovars Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B among Salmonella Isolates from the Blood of Patients with Clinical Enteric Fever

Constitutive Expression of the Vi Polysaccharide Capsular Antigen in AttenuatedSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhi Oral Vaccine Strain CVD 909

Different Diagnostic Procedure of Typhoid Fever: A Review Update

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