Veterinary pharmaceutical residues from natural water to tap water: Sales, occurrence and fate

Abstract

Veterinary pharmaceuticals (VPs) increasingly used in animal husbandry have led to their presence in aquatic environments -surface water (SW) or groundwater (GW) - and even in tap water. This review focuses on studies from 2007 to 2017. Sixty-eight different veterinary pharmaceutical residues (VPRs) have been quantified worldwide in natural waters at concentrations ranging from nanograms per liter (ng L) to several micrograms per liter (μg L). An extensive up-to-date on sales and tonnages of VPs worldwide has been performed. Tetracyclines (TCs) antibiotics are the most sold veterinary pharmaceuticals worldwide. An overview of VPRs degradation pathways in natural waters is provided. VPRs can be degraded or transformed by biodegradation, hydrolysis or photolysis. Photo-degradation appears to be the major degradation pathway in SW. This review then reports occurrences of VPRs found in tap water, and presents data on VPRs removal in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) at each step of the process. VPRs have been quantified in tap water at ng L concentration levels in four studies of the eleven studies dealing with VPRs occurrence in tap water. Overall removals of VPRs in DWTPs generally exceed 90% and advanced treatment processes (oxidation processes, adsorption on activated carbon, membrane filtration) greatly contribute to these removals. However, studies performed on full-scale DWTPs are scarce. A large majority of fate studies in DWTPs have been conducted under laboratory at environmentally irrelevant conditions (high concentration of VPRs (mg L), use of deionized water instead of natural water, high concentration of oxidant, high contact time etc.). Also, studies on VPRs occurrence and fate in tap water focus on antibiotics. There is a scientific gap on the occurrence and fate of antiparatic drugs in tap waters.

Veterinary pharmaceutical residues in water resources and tap water in an intensive husbandry area in France

“…Among the five metabolites investigated, three were detected (neospiramycin, triclabendazole sulfone, triclabendazole sulfoxide). Among the 17 VPRs quantified in water resources in this study, 11 have been previously found in natural waters at similar concentrations (florfenicol, flumequine, flunixin, levamisole, ivermectin, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, tilmicosin, trimethoprim, triclabendazole) (Charuaud et al, 2019;Sinclair et al, 2007). For example, sulfadiazine (from 508 ng/L to 2946 ng/L in this study) was quantified in surface water up to 2313 ng/L in the Llobregat River in Spain (Iglesias et al, 2014) and florfenicol (from 7 ng/L to 930 ng/L in this study) was quantified in South Korea up to 340 ng/L (Kim et al, 2016) and in China up to 930 ng/L (Zhou et al, 2016).…”

“…A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T 4 al., 2010;Hu et al, 2014;Iglesias et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2016;Luo et al, 2011;Ok et al, 2011;Tong et al, 2014Tong et al, , 2009Wei et al, 2011;Yao et al, 2017Yao et al, , 2015Zhou et al, 2016). As data on VPR behavior in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) is scarce (Charuaud et al, 2019), there is a public health concern as the human population may be exposed to these compounds via tap water, especially when tap water is produced with surface water resources from intensive livestock areas. In Brittany, surface water is the major resource (75%) for water production; while the national ratio is 64% groundwater and 36% surface water (ARS Bretagne, 2017).…”

Metal‐based ionic liquid assisted synthesis of highly dispersed mesoporous Fe(III)/SiO2 for enhanced adsorption of antibiotics

“…Ads.% = (C 0 − C e )∕C 0 * 100 (2) wileyonlinelibrary.com/jctb where C 0 is the initial concentration of adsorbate (in mg L −1 ), C e is the residual concentration of adsorbate at equilibrium (in mg L −1 ), V is the volume of solution (in liters), and m is the mass of dry adsorbent (in grams).…”

“…Nevertheless, the abuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry and the ineffective removal by conventional water treatment technologies have caused serious detriments to public health. Antibiotics of tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides are frequently detected in surface waters in the ng to μg L −1 range of concentration . Their accumulation and persistence in aquatic environments can lead to the unbalance of the microbial ecosystem, the proliferation of antibiotic resistant pathogens and the inefficiency in treating infection .…”

“…Antibiotics of tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides are frequently detected in surface waters in the ng to μg L −1 range of concentration. 1,2 Their accumulation and persistence in aquatic environments can lead to the unbalance of the microbial ecosystem, the proliferation of antibiotic resistant pathogens and the inefficiency in treating infection. 3 Therefore, it is of great importance to develop more practical and economical treatment technologies to remove such contaminants from waters.…”