Veterinary Mycology

Samanta, Indranil

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2280-4

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Candida and Saccharomyces species were the most frequently isolated yeasts from multiparous and maiden horses, respectively. The significant predominance of yeasts in multiparous females suggests that maturity of the reproductive tract, or mating and foaling, in these animals leads to the colonisation of the genital environment with a more complex microflora .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and distribution of yeasts in the reproductive tract in healthy female horses

Azarvandi

Khosravi

Shokri

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence and distribution of yeasts in the reproductive tract in healthy female horses

Azarvandi

Khosravi

Shokri

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…A number of treatments have been attempted including uterine lavage or infusion with dilute povidone‐iodine solution, nystatin, amphotericin B, clotrimazole, miconazole and/or dilute acetic acid 7 . There have been numerous studies illustrating success and failure of such treatments 7 . Selecting an appropriate antifungal therapy, including those intended to treat yeasts, can be made more difficult by the cost of some of the drugs, lack of readily available susceptibility testing for these drugs, and the fact that many of the drugs come in a form not ideal for use in the equine reproductive tract (eg tablets or creams).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elimination of Candida species from the genital tract of mares can be difficult. A number of treatments have been attempted including uterine lavage or infusion with dilute povidone‐iodine solution, nystatin, amphotericin B, clotrimazole, miconazole and/or dilute acetic acid 7 . There have been numerous studies illustrating success and failure of such treatments 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro synergy of eugenol on the antifungal effects of voriconazole against Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei strains isolated from the genital tract of mares

Sharifzadeh

Shokri

2020

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background: Due to the limited range of antifungals available to treat genital Candida infections and the emergence of resistant isolates, attention has focused on the antifungal potency of natural compounds with promising biological properties. Objectives: To examine whether eugenol synergises the in vitro efficacy of voriconazole against Candida strains isolated from the genital tract of mares. Study design: In vitro experiment. Methods: The antifungal activity of eugenol and voriconazole was evaluated using the broth microdilution assay (CLSI-M27-A3). Synergism of eugenol and voriconazole against genital Candida isolates was evaluated by the microdilution checkerboard method. Results: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for eugenol and voriconazole ranged from 400 to 800 µg/mL and 1 to 8 µg/mL, respectively, for C. tropicalis isolates, and from 200 to 400 µg/mL for eugenol and 2 to 16 µg/mL for voriconazole against C. krusei isolates. Eugenol decreased the arithmetic mean MIC for voriconazole against C. tropicalis and C. krusei isolates from 2.66 to 0.46 µg/mL and 7.77 to 0.41 µg/mL respectively. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values for the eugenol-voriconazole combination ranged from 0.25 to 0.88 and 0.19 to 0.63 for C. tropicalis and C. krusei isolates respectively. A synergistic effect of eugenol in combination with voriconazole was observed for 83.3% of C. tropicalis and 77.7% of C. krusei isolates. Antagonistic activity was not seen in any of the isolates tested. Main limitations: Since in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests are not systematic analyses, any selection bias could influence the results. In addition, in vitro susceptibility does not uniformly predict clinical success in vivo. Conclusions: Eugenol showed fungistatic and fungicidal effects against genital Candida isolates and, in combination, synergised the antifungal effects of voriconazole. The eugenol-voriconazole combination can lay the foundation for a therapeutic approach against isolates in which azole resistance has increased over time.

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“…Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a common fungal pathogen worldwide that causes human and animal dermatophytosis and severe skin infections [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. These pathogens can invade keratinized tissue such as skin, nails, and hair [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZafA Gene Is Important for Trichophyton mentagrophytes Growth and Pathogenicity

Dai

Gao

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a common fungal pathogen that causes human and animal dermatophytosis. Previous studies have shown that zinc deficiency inhibits T. mentagrophytes growth, and the ZafA gene of T. mentagrophytes can code the functionally similar zinc finger transcriptional factor that can promote zinc ion absorption; however, the impact of ZafA on virulence and pathogenicity remains undetermined. To assess its gene function, the ZafA mutant, ZafA-hph, and the ZafA complemented strain, ZafA+bar, were constructed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses were used to confirm the disruption. In vitro growth capacity and virulence analyses comparing ZafA-hph with wild-type T. mentagrophytes and ZafA+bar showed that ZafA-hph’s growth performance, reproduction ability, and zinc ion absorption capacity were significantly lower than the wild-type T. mentagrophytes and ZafA+bar. ZafA-hph also showed weak hair biodegradation ability and animal pathogenicity. Thus, the significant decrease in T. mentagrophytes’ growth ability and virulence was due to a lack of the zinc-responsive activity factor rather than the transformation process. This study confirmed that the T. mentagrophytes’ zinc-responsive activity factor plays important roles in the pathogen’s growth, reproduction, zinc ion absorption, and virulence. This factor is important and significant for effectively preventing and controlling T. mentagrophytes infections.

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Veterinary Mycology

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Presence and distribution of yeasts in the reproductive tract in healthy female horses

Presence and distribution of yeasts in the reproductive tract in healthy female horses

In vitro synergy of eugenol on the antifungal effects of voriconazole against Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei strains isolated from the genital tract of mares

ZafA Gene Is Important for Trichophyton mentagrophytes Growth and Pathogenicity

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