Vestibular Response in the Neonate and Infant

Mitchell, Thomas N.; Cambon, Kenneth G.

doi:10.1001/archotol.1969.00770030558004

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This study has explored further the nature of contextdependent weighting of support surface and visual inputs to the posture control system by examining the equilibrium controls of a group of normal children ranging in age from 1% to 10 years. Although the neurophysiological basis for the development of equilibrium control in children is only fragmentary, the available evidence suggests that the vestibular system is operating shortly after birth (Eviatar et al, 1978;Mitchell and Cambon, 1969) but that the ability to adapt to visual conflicts develops much later. Lee and Aronson (1974) reported that infants who recently had learned to stand fell when the closed end of a movable room (with fixed floor) was displaced suddenly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic development of postural control in man: adaptation to altered support and visual conditions during stance

Forssberg¹,

Nashner²

1982

J. Neurosci.

357

174

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Normal young children ranging in age from 1 1/2 to 10 years were assessed in a number of experimental paradigms testing the ability to adapt quickly their strategy of control to altered support surface and visual conditions. The experimental protocols, using a movable platform and visual surround, and the analytic techniques, using EMGs and measures of reaction forces and body motions, were identical to those employed in a complementary study in this issue (Nashner, L. M., F. O. Black, and C. Wall, III (1982) J. Neurosci. 2: 536-544). The structure of automatic postural adjustments in young children was, with the exception of greater variability, similar to that of adult subjects studied previously. However, young children below the age of 7 1/2 years were unable to suppress systematically the influence of inputs derived from the support surface or from vision when these provided inappropriate orientation information due to the motion of these surfaces. The discussion emphasizes that the automatic postural adjustments and the context-dependent reweighting of support surface, vestibular, and visual inputs are organizationally separate processes and that the hierarchically lower level automatic process matures before the higher level adaptive processes.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic development of postural control in man: adaptation to altered support and visual conditions during stance

Forssberg¹,

Nashner²

1982

J. Neurosci.

357

174

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“…Nystagmus in response to per-rotatory stimulation was recorded within 20 to 30 days in 84 per cent of our TAGA babies, whereas Mitchell and Cambon (1969), using the Barany method, did not record nystagmus in the majority of their neonates until six weeks of age. The number of infants studied permitted an adequate Develooment of comparison to be made between responses by TAGA and TSGA infants to vestibular stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Maturation of Neurovestibular Responses in Infants

Eviatar

Naray

1974

Develop Med Child Neuro

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SUMMARY A total of 121 babies were tested for the appearance of vestibular responses (nystagmus) within 10 and 75 days of birth. The babies were divided into two groups according to gestational age: full‐term (38 to 42 weeks gestation) and pre‐term (34 to 37 weeks gestation). These two groups were sub‐divided according to birthweight into small for gestational age (sga), appropriate for gestational age (aga) and large for gestational age (lga). Vestibular responses were elicited by per‐rotatory stimulation (using a torsion swing) and by ice‐cold caloric stimulation. While 83 per cent of the aga infants responded with nystagmus to torsion‐swing stimulation, only 24 per cent of the sga babies did so. Vestibular stimulation by cold caloric irrigation elicited nystagmus in 69 per cent of the aga babies, compared with only 26 per cent of the sga babies. None of the pre‐term babies showed nystagmus in response to vestibular stimulation within 10 to 75 days of birth. The lga babies responded with a strong nystagmus at an early age. The study demonstrates the importance of birthweight to the maturation of vestibular responses as an index of central nervous system maturation. RÉSUMÉ L'apparition des réponses vestibulaires (nystagmus) a été recherchée chez 121 nourrissons de 10 à 75 jours après la naissance. Les nourrissons étaient divisés en deux groupes selon l'âge de gestation: nés à terme (38 à 42 semaines de gestation) et prématurés (34–37 semaines de gestation). Une subdivision a étéétablie dans les deux groupes selon le poids de naissance: faible—normal—élevé pour le terme. Les répones vestibulaires ont été provoquées par une stimulation per‐rotatoire avec un ressort de torsion et par épreuve calorique à irrigation froide. Des réponses de nystagmus par stimulation au ressort de torsion ont été obtenues chez 83 pour cent des nouveaux‐nés de poids normal pour le terme et 24 pour cent seulement pour les nouveaux‐nés de poids faible pour le terme. La stimulation vestibulaire par épreuve calorique à irrigation froide a provoqué un nystagmus chez 69 pour cent des nourrissons de poids normal pour le terme et 26 pour cent seulement des nourrissons de poids faible pour le terme. Aucun des prématurés n'a montré de nystagmus en réponse à une stimulation vestibulaire 10 à 75 jours après la naissance. Les nourrissons de poids élevé pour le terme ont répondu par un nystagmus intense, à un âge précoce. L'étude démontre l'importance du poids de naissance dans la maturation vestibulaire comme index de la maturation du système nerveux central. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Bei 121 Babies wurde das Auftreten vestibulärer Reaktionen (Nystagmus) zwischen 10. bis 75. Lebenstag untersucht. Die Babies wurden nach ihrem Gestationsalter in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt: reife Neugeborene (38–42 Gestationswoche) und Frühgeborene (34–37 Gestationswoche). Diese zwei Gruppen worden dann nach dem Geburtsgewicht unterteilt in unter‐, normal‐und übergewichtige Neugeborene. Die vestibulären Reaktionen wurden durch Überdrehstimulation mit der Drehschaukel und durch Kalt...

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“…Normal full-term infants older than 1 week of age generally acquire a VOR. However, in neonates, the tonic phase predominates, whereas the fast component may be observed intermittently [12][13][14]. By 4 weeks of age, both the slow and the fast phases of vestibular nystagmus are easily elicited in almost all normal infants [15].…”

Section: Preverbal or Nonverbalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pediatric Eye Examination

Cavuoto¹,

Davidson²,

McKeown³

2020

Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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The pediatric eye examination is challenging but important in evaluating both ocular and systemic conditions. Understanding the components of the eye examination will enable the ophthalmologist to perform a complete examination and obtain important clinical information. The overall components of the pediatric and adult eye examinations are similar; however, children differ from adults as there is greater reliance on objective findings, as

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Vestibular Response in the Neonate and Infant

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Ontogenetic development of postural control in man: adaptation to altered support and visual conditions during stance

Ontogenetic development of postural control in man: adaptation to altered support and visual conditions during stance

Maturation of Neurovestibular Responses in Infants

The Pediatric Eye Examination

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