Vesicular Formation of Trans-Ferulic Acid: an Efficient Approach to Improve the Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Properties

Abstract

Purposes Reactive oxygen species production is harmful to human’s health. The presence of antioxidants in the body may help to diminish reactive oxygen species. Trans-ferulic acid is a good antioxidant, but its low water solubility excludes its utilization. The study aims to explore whether a vesicular drug delivery could be a way to overcome the poor absorption of trans-ferulic acid hence improving its antimicrobial efficiency and antioxidant effect. Methods Niosomal vesicles containing the drug were prepared by film hydration method. The obtained vesicles were investigated in terms of morphology, size, entrapment efficiency, release behavior, cellular cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cellular protection study, and antimicrobial evaluations. Results The optimized niosomal formulation had a particle size of 158.7 nm and entrapment efficiency of 21.64%. The results showed that the optimized formulation containing 25 μM of trans-ferulic acid could enhance the viability of human foreskin fibroblast HFF cell line against reactive oxygen species production. The minimum effective dose of the plain drug and the niosomal formulation against Staphylococcus aurous (ATCC 29213) was 750 µg/mL and 375 µg/mL, respectively, and for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), it was 750 µg/mL and 187/5 µg/mL, respectively. The formulation could also improve the minimum bactericidal concentration of the drug in Staphylococcus aurous, Escherichia coli, and Acinobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606). Conclusion These results revealed an improvement in both antibacterial and antioxidant effects of the drug in the niosomal formulation.

Allelopathy and Identification of Five Allelochemicals in the Leaves of the Aromatic Medicinal Tree Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa

“…Trans -ferulic acid (or ( E )-3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) is a stereoisomer of ferulic acid and is widely present in cereal crops (rice and wheat), fruits (bananas and pineapples), and vegetables (peanuts, eggplants, and tomatoes) [ 44 ]. Based on the reports of other studies, this compound has many pharmaceutical properties such as antioxidant [ 45 ], and antimicrobial and antifungal [ 44 ] properties. Additionally, ferulic acid inhibits the root growth of Vigna radiata [ 46 ], and the net rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in Rhododendron delavayi [ 47 ].…”

Evaluation of Total Phenolic Content, HPLC Analysis, and Antioxidant Potential of Three Local Varieties of Mushroom: A Comparative Study

“…Trans -ferulic acid (TFA) content was highest in G. lucidum extract (11.93 mg/100 g extract), followed by C. indica (8.85 mg/100 g extract) and G. tropicum (8.09 mg/100 g extract) extracts. TFA is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antioxidant effects and also prevents lipid peroxidation in biological systems [ 36 ]. Catechin was found in the highest amount in G. tropicum extract (10.53 mg/100 g extract) whereas epicatechin was highest in G. lucidum extract (8.67 mg/100 g extract).…”

HPLC-DAD Analysis and Investigation of Biological Properties of the Leaves of Globularia alypum (L.), Infusion Extract

“…Interestingly, Nepetin-7-Glucoside, a flavonoid and glycoside, is highly abundant in our extract [33]. Furthermore, trans-ferulic acid (TFA), which is abundant in the aqueous extract, possesses a variety of pharmacological qualities, such as antifungal and antibacterial activities [34].…”